Conversion of Tar in Pyrolysis Gas from Wood Using a Fixed Dolomite Bed

Aldén, Henrik; Espenas, B.; Rensfelt, Erik

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2737-7_74

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Nowadays, most of the known work in Europe on the use of dolomites for hot gas cleaning is being made in Sweden (TPS AB and KTH), in Finland (VTT Energy), in Spain (Universities of Madrid and of Saragossa), and in The Netherlands (BTG B.V.). TPS AB has developed a well-known process using dolomites in a secondary reactor (Alden et al, 1988;Rensfelt and Ekstro ¨m, 1989). Their work is, nevertheless, made on gas coming from a gasifier with air or with pure and targeted molecules like naphthalene (synthetic atmospheres), and not with gas coming from a biomass gasifier with steam (objective of this paper).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Gasification with Steam in Fluidized Bed: Effectiveness of CaO, MgO, and CaO−MgO for Hot Raw Gas Cleaning

Delgado¹,

Aznar²,

Corella

1997

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

305

179

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The upgrading of the raw hot gas from a bubbling fluidized bed biomass gasifier is studied using cheap calcined minerals or rocks downstream from the gasifier. Biomass gasification is made with steam (not air) at 750-780 °C and about 0.5-1.0 kg of biomass/h. Calcined solids used are dolomite (MgO-CaO), pure calcite (CaO), and pure magnesite (MgO). Variables studied have been temperature of the secondary bed (780-910 °C), time of contact or space-time of the gas (0.08-0.32 kg‚h/m 3 n), and particle diameter (1-4 mm) and type of mineral. Their effects on tar conversion, tar amount in the exit gas, product distribution, and gas composition are presented. Using a macrokinetic model for the tar disappearance network, the activities of the stones are expressed by their apparent kinetic constant. Apparent energies of activation for tar elimination (42-47 kJ/mol) and preexponential and effectiveness factors are given for all tested solids of which the most active is the calcined dolomite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Gasification with Steam in Fluidized Bed: Effectiveness of CaO, MgO, and CaO−MgO for Hot Raw Gas Cleaning

Delgado¹,

Aznar²,

Corella

1997

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

305

179

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“…In the literature, the bio-oils have mostly been analyzed by liquid chromatography due to their thermal instability (Sheu et al, 1988;Piskorz et al, 1988;Sheu et al, 1988;Churin et al 1990). Using different types of biomass, the major components have usually been reported as acids, amines, phenols, benzenediols and long chain hydrocarbons (Alden et al, 1988;Soltes et al, 1987) which are similar to those in Table 2.…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 60%

Catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis oil over hzsm-5

Sharma

Bakhshi

1993

Can. J. Chem. Eng.

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The upgrading of bio‐oil, obtained by fast pyrolysis of maple wood, was studied over HZSM‐5 in a fixed bed micro‐reactor operated at atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range 330‐425°C. The objective of upgrading was to maximize the amount of organic distillate product with a high yield of aromatic hydrocarbons. A maximum organic distillate of 38 wt.% of bio‐oil, which represented 28.6 wt.% of wood, was obtained at 370°C. The yield of aromatic hydrocarbons was 19.9 wt.% of wood. Above 400°C, nearly 50 wt.% of the bio‐oil was converted to coke and char. The conversion of non‐volatile components of the bio‐oil (pitch) to volatiles was at a maximum of 68 wt. % at 370°C. However, when the bio‐oil was co‐processed with tetralin, the maximum conversion of non‐volatiles increased to 86 wt.% at 410°C and the amounts of coke and char decreased. The yield of aromatic hydrocarbons also decreased to a maximum of 10.3 wt. % of wood. The role of tetralin was mainly as a diluent and not as a hydrogen donor solvent.

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“…Other authors such as van Paasen et al [33] also use naphthalene in a similar manner, namely to represent the behavior of un-polar tar species. Additionally, Aldèn et al [34] found naphthalene to be the predominant condensable tar component even after catalytic cracking. The authors also state that [...] these residual components may cause fouling problems in the downstream equipment of a gasifier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation-based investigation of tar formation in after-treatment systems for biomass gasification

Boiger

Buff

Sharman

et al. 2020

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Even though biomass gasification remains a promising technology regarding decentralized sustainable energy supply, its main limitations, namely the issues of unsteady operation, tar formation in after-treatment systems, and consequential high maintenance requirements, have never been fully overcome. In order to tackle the latter two deficiencies and to increase the understanding of thermodynamic and thermokinetic producer gas phase phenomena within the after-treatment zones, a numerical system dynamic model has been created. Thereby, naphthalene has been chosen to represent the behavior of tars. The model has been validated against a wide variety of measured and simulated producer gas compositions. This work particularly focuses on the investigation and minimization of tar formation within after-treatment systems at low pressures and decreasing temperatures. Model-based analysis has led to a range of recommended measures, which could reduce the formation tendency and thus the condensation of tars in those zones. These recommendations are (i) to decrease gas residence time within pipes and producer gas purification devices, (ii) to increase temperatures in low-pressure zones, (iii) to increase hydrogen to carbon ratio, and (iv) to increase oxygen to carbon ratio in the producer gas. Furthermore, the numerical model has been included in the cloud-computing platform KaleidoSim. Thus, a wider range of process parameter combinations could be investigated in reasonable time. Consequentially, a simulation-based sensitivity analysis of producer gas composition with respect to process parameter changes was conducted and the validity basis of the above recommendations was enlarged.

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Conversion of Tar in Pyrolysis Gas from Wood Using a Fixed Dolomite Bed

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

Biomass Gasification with Steam in Fluidized Bed: Effectiveness of CaO, MgO, and CaO−MgO for Hot Raw Gas Cleaning

Biomass Gasification with Steam in Fluidized Bed: Effectiveness of CaO, MgO, and CaO−MgO for Hot Raw Gas Cleaning

Catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis oil over hzsm-5

Simulation-based investigation of tar formation in after-treatment systems for biomass gasification

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