Conversion of Oilfield Produced Water Into an Irrigation/Drinking Quality Water

Tao, Fangbo; Curtice, S.; Hobbs, R.D.; Sides, J.L.; Wieser, J.D.; Dyke, C.A.; Tuohey, D.; Pliger, P.F.

doi:10.2118/26003-ms

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The pilot system was operated for over 6 months and produced 20 gpm of clean water. A process for converting oilfield produced water into irrigation/drinking quality water consisted of air flotation, clarification, softening, filtration, RO, and water reconditioning [227]. A pilot plant handled water with approximately 7,000 mg/L TDS, 250 mg/L silica, and 170 mg/L soluble oil, ranging in pH from 7 to 11.…”

Section: Membrane Processes For Removal Of Tdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oil and Gas Production Wastewater: Soil Contamination and Pollution Prevention

Pichtel

2016

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

155

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During oil and natural gas production, so-called “produced water” comprises the largest byproduct stream. In addition, many oil and gas operations are augmented via injection of hydraulic fracturing (HF) fluids into the formation. Both produced water and HF fluids may contain hundreds of individual chemicals, some known to be detrimental to public health and the environment. Oil and gas production wastewater may serve a range of beneficial purposes, particularly in arid regions, if managed correctly. Numerous treatment technologies have been developed that allow for injection, discharge to the land surface, or beneficial reuse. Although many papers have addressed the effects of oil and gas production wastewater (OGPW) on groundwater and surface water quality, significantly less information is available on the effects of these fluids on the soil resource. This review paper compiles fundamental information on numerous chemicals used and produced during oil and gas development and their effects on the soil environment. Additionally, pollution prevention technologies relating to OGPW are presented. An understanding of the effects of OGPW on soil chemical, physical, and biological properties can provide a foundation for effective remediation of OGPW-affected soils; additionally, sustainable reuse of oil and gas water for irrigation and industrial purposes may be enhanced.

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Section: Membrane Processes For Removal Of Tdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A portion of these entered the RO system as TSS and some precipitated. The quality of treated water met the stringent California Title 22 Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant Levels [227].…”

Section: Membrane Processes For Removal Of Tdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil and Gas Production Wastewater: Soil Contamination and Pollution Prevention

Pichtel

2016

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

155

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“…The produced water exhibits high scaling potential upon concentration due to the presence of contaminants such as silica, calcium salts (calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate), and metal salts (iron hydroxide). Boron is normally present in water as boric acid, B(OH) 3 , which is poorly rejected by reverse osmosis membranes because of its lack of charge and small size (Hydranautics, 2009). Figure 7 shows the solubility of silica as a function of pH.…”

Section: Treatment Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination of Oilfield-Produced Water at the San Ardo Water Reclamation Facility, CA

et al. 2009

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This paper discusses the successful application of reverse osmosis membranes at the San Ardo Oil Field in California to desalinate produced water for beneficial re-use through surface discharge to the local groundwater.The field produces heavy oil via a recovery process called steam flooding, in which steam is injected into the formation to heat up the crude and decrease its viscosity, thereby allowing the normally tar-like substance to flow by gravity to producing wells. This process typically results in the production of ten or more barrels of water for every barrel of oil recovered. Historically, a portion of this water has been recycled and softened to provide water for steam generation, with the remainder going to local EPA class II injection wells for disposal. However, the injection zone capacity is limited, which has constrained full field development. In October 2007, a desalination facility was commissioned to allow a portion of the produced water to be treated and discharged to the shallow fresh water aquifer, thereby providing an alternate outlet for produced water, and allowing field development to progress.At the San Ardo site, the process is sized to treat 50,000 barrels of water per day, and consists of de-oiling followed by the OPUS™ technology, which consists of multiple treatment processes, including degasification, chemical and ion exchange softening, multi-media filtration, cartridge filtration, double-pass reverse osmosis, pH neutralization, and partial remineralization. The treated water is discharged to post-treatment constructed wetlands and aquifer recharge basins. This technology, portions of which were developed jointly and patented separately by Chevron U.S.A., Inc. and Veolia N.A. Water Systems, has proven to be a reliable and robust process for successfully treating produced water for surface discharge.This paper details the treatment process, water quality specifications, and challenges faced during the design and operation of the facility.

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“…This removal must be accomplished under a specific set of circumstances for each water. Tao et al (1993) present one such system for treating produced water that will produce a product water of drinking water quality from a relatively clean oilfield waste stream. This work focuses on reverse osmosis and specific pretreatment requirements for several reverse osmosis systems and does not consider various levels of produced water quality or treatment.…”

Section: Produced Water Treatment Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of oil and gas waste disposal practices and assessment of treatment costs. Final report

Bedient¹

1995

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Conversion of Oilfield Produced Water Into an Irrigation/Drinking Quality Water

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Oil and Gas Production Wastewater: Soil Contamination and Pollution Prevention

Oil and Gas Production Wastewater: Soil Contamination and Pollution Prevention

Desalination of Oilfield-Produced Water at the San Ardo Water Reclamation Facility, CA

Characterization of oil and gas waste disposal practices and assessment of treatment costs. Final report

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