Conversion of Natural Wetland to Farmland in the Tumen River Basin: Human and Environmental Factors

Abstract

Wetlands play an important role in the terrestrial ecosystem. However, agricultural activities have resulted in a significant decrease in natural wetlands around the world. In the Tumen River Basin (TRB), a border area between China, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), and Russia, natural wetlands have been reclaimed and converted into farmland, primarily due to the migration practices of Korean-Chinese. To understand the spatial and temporal patterns of this conversion from wetlands to farmland, Landsat remote sensing images from four time periods were analyzed. Almost 30 years of data were extracted using the object-oriented classification method combined with random forest classification. In addition, statistical analysis was conducted on the conversion from natural wetland to farmland and from farmland to wetland, as well as on the relationship between the driving factors. The results revealed that a loss of 49.2% (12,540.1 ha) of natural wetlands in the Chinese portion of the TRB was due to agricultural encroachment for grain production. At the sub-basin scale, the largest area of natural wetland converted into farmland in the past 30 years was in the Hunchun River Basin (HCH), which accounts for 22.0% (2761.2 ha) of the total. Meanwhile, 6571.4 ha of natural wetlands, mainly in the Gaya River Basin (GYH), have been restored from farmland. These changes are closely related to the migration of the agricultural populations.

Pilóta nélküli légi járművek alkalmazása a vizes élőhelyek modern felmérésében

“…A vizes élőhelyek értékes természetes ökoszisztémák, amelyek környezetvédelmi szempontból nagy jelentőségűek, a világ legveszélyeztetettebb élőhelyei közé tartoznak (LU et al, 2022;LIU et al, 2021;COWARDIN et al, 1985;GOZLAN et al, 2019). A vizes élőhelyekre a nemzetközi irodalomban általános kifejezés a wetland, amely a szó szoros értelmében vizenyős területet jelent (PADISÁK, 2005).…”

Challenges and Opportunities in Aligning Conservation with Development in China’s National Parks: A Narrative Literature Review

“…The NTLNP also seeks to limit human disturbance in wetland and forest habitats that are important to the Park's carnivore and prey population growth [124,125]. Strengthen enforcement of park rules 9 [122,124,[126][127][128]130,131,136,142] Increase ecological compensation schemes 9 [122,124,125,[128][129][130]132,136,141] Expand park boundaries 5 [122,[127][128][129]133,135] The primary economic stakeholders around NTLNP are local residents (12 papers), many of whom rely on land-intensive livestock rearing for their livelihoods [124,128]. Livestock and agriculture (15 papers) are frequently cited in the literature as major sources of behavioral disturbance among tigers and their prey in the Changbai Mountains [125,141,142].…”

“…Second, the literature recommends increasing the enforcement of park rules (9 papers) to protect the biodiversity within the park, including by retraining forest rangers to participate in biodiversity preservation and monitoring [122]. Third, several studies present expanding the park's current boundaries (5 papers) as a crucial step to sustain healthy tiger and leopard populations [127,133,135].…”

Vegetation changes in Yellow River Delta wetlands from 2018 to 2020 using PIE-Engine and short time series Sentinel-2 images

“…The Yellow River Delta wetlands plays an irreplaceable role in providing humans with land, tourism and natural resources, so it is of great significance to protect the Yellow River Delta wetlands (Wang et al, 2022). However, due to the single vegetation type of the wetland ecosystem in the Yellow River Delta in early years, the ecological environment is very fragile and easily disturbed by natural or human factors (Liu et al, 2021). Since the 1990s, relevant departments in China have introduced Spartina alterniflora into the Yellow River Delta to improve the salt marsh wetland environment, and succeeded in trial planting (Zuo et al, 2012;Huang et al, 2022).…”