Conversion of Mono‐ and Disaccharides to Ethyl Levulinate and Ethyl Pyranoside with Sulfonic Acid‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids

Saravanamurugan, Shunmugavel; Buu, Olivier Nguyen Van; Riisager, Anders

doi:10.1002/cssc.201100137

Cited by 163 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Besides, the yields also depended on the reaction conditions. Saravanamurugan et al [28] and Chen et al [29] reported that high ethyl levulinate yields can be obtained with ionic liquids as catalysts, while it took longer time (more than 12 h) to reach the reaction equilibrium and the cost of catalysts was also quite high. In most studies, the yield of ethyl levulinate was lower than 60 mol%.…”

Section: Effect Of Various Raw Materials On Synthesis Of Ethyl Levulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Conversion of Carbohydrates into Ethyl Levulinate with Potassium Phosphotungstate as an Efficient Catalyst

Zhao

Chang

et al. 2015

Catalysts

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A series of metal-modified phosphotungstates were prepared and performed for direct synthesis of ethyl levulinate from fructose in ethanol. Considering the cost of catalysts, catalytic activity of catalysts, and easy separation of catalysts together, K-HPW-1 was chosen as the most suitable catalyst for synthesis of ethyl levulinate from fructose. A high ethyl levulinate yield of 64.6 mol% was obtained at 150 °C within 2 h in ethanol. The introduction of low polar toluene as a co-solvent improved the yield of ethyl levulinate to 68.7 mol%. The recovered catalyst remained high activity with the yield of ethyl levulinate converted from fructose above 50 mol% after being used five times. Moreover, the generality of the catalyst was further demonstrated by glucose, sucrose, inulin, and cellulose with ethyl levulinate yielding 14.5, 35.4, 52.3, and 14.8 mol%, respectively.

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Section: Effect Of Various Raw Materials On Synthesis Of Ethyl Levulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Conversion of Carbohydrates into Ethyl Levulinate with Potassium Phosphotungstate as an Efficient Catalyst

Zhao

Chang

et al. 2015

Catalysts

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“…In addition, it can be employed for producing biofuels and fuel additives (e.g., 2-methyltetrahydrofuran) [7], and as a key intermediate in the synthesis of fine chemicals (e.g., pentenoic acid and α-methylene-γ-valerolactone (MeGVL)), as shown in Scheme 1 [8,9]. Typically, GVL can be prepared from lignocellulose via sequential catalytic pathways involving various reactions such as hydrolysis, isomerization, dehydration, etherification, esterification, hydrogenation, and lactonization [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Amongst these conversion processes, cascade hydrogenation and cyclization were deemed in recent years as the key step in catalytically upgrading levulinic acid and its esters to GVL [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid–Base Bifunctional Hf Nanohybrids Enable High Selectivity in the Catalytic Conversion of Ethyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone

et al. 2018

Catalysts

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Abstract:The catalytic upgrading of bio-based platform molecules is a promising approach for biomass valorization. However, most solid catalysts are not thermally or chemically stable, and are difficult to prepare. In this study, a stable organic phosphonate-hafnium solid catalyst (PPOA-Hf) was synthesized, and acid-base bifunctional sites were found to play a cooperative role in the cascade transfer hydrogenation and cyclization of ethyl levulinate (EL) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). Under relatively mild reaction conditions of 160 • C for 6 h, EL was completely converted to GVL with a good yield of 85%. The apparent activation energy was calculated to be 53 kJ/mol, which was lower than other solid catalysts for the same reaction. In addition, the PPOA-Hf solid catalyst did not significantly decrease its activity after five recycles, and no evident leaching of Hf was observed, indicating its high stability and potential practical application.

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“…One of those products of interest is the ethyl levulinate, a compound used as a fuel additive [5] [6], improving combustion efficiency and decreasing the amount of emissions to the environment [5]; this substance is also used in the manufacture of some foods as emulsifier and cosmetics [7]. Obtaining ethyl levulinate from lignocellulosic waste is carried out mainly by two routes: the first from levulinic acid (indirect) obtained from the hydrolysis of the sugars in acidic medium and the second is direct; therefore, the acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material is performed in ethanolic medium, for the ethyl levulinate ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethyl Levulinate Obtained from Lignocellulosic Waste Material with Previous Delignification by Ultrasonic-Assisted Technique

Solá-Pérez¹,

Saldarriaga-Noreña²,

Murillo-Tovar³

2017

JACEN

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Ultrasound-assisted pretreatment under mild operating conditions has been investigated for intensification of delignification to facilitate the obtaining of ethyl levulinate from biomass. The effect of pH (2 -12), temperature (30˚C -70˚C) and pretreatment time (0 -120 minutes) has been studied for different biomass samples. The most favorable conditions were basic pH, temperature of 70˚C and pretreatment time of 2 h, obtaining values of delignification near 80 percent. The ethyl levulinate is obtained in microwave directly via from samples before and after delignification and analyzed for GC-MS. The results evidenced better yields for the delignified samples.

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Conversion of Mono‐ and Disaccharides to Ethyl Levulinate and Ethyl Pyranoside with Sulfonic Acid‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids

Cited by 163 publications

References 51 publications

Direct Conversion of Carbohydrates into Ethyl Levulinate with Potassium Phosphotungstate as an Efficient Catalyst

Direct Conversion of Carbohydrates into Ethyl Levulinate with Potassium Phosphotungstate as an Efficient Catalyst

Acid–Base Bifunctional Hf Nanohybrids Enable High Selectivity in the Catalytic Conversion of Ethyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone

Ethyl Levulinate Obtained from Lignocellulosic Waste Material with Previous Delignification by Ultrasonic-Assisted Technique

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