Conversion of methane to methanol: technologies and future challenges

Solar Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methane to Methanol with Water over RuOx/ZnO/CeO2 Nanorods

“…Therefore, developing novel technologies for CH 4 conversion with high efficiency, low cost, and in an environmentally friendly fashion is extremely desirable. 4,5 Photocatalytic CH 4 conversion driven by clean and abundant solar energy could achieve the C−H activation at room temperature, representing a new stimulus for CH 4 conversion. 6 To date, two main technical routes have been reported in the solar-energymediated CH 4 conversion to different products: (i) nonoxidative coupling to generate ethane and hydrogen and (ii) reacting with oxygen, water, and hydrogen peroxide to produce CH 3 OH, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide.…”

“…As the main component of natural gas, methane (CH 4 ) is widely distributed around the world as a fuel and has drawn considerable attention as a promising resource for the production of high-value chemical commodities, such as methanol (CH 3 OH), hydrogen, and olefins. − However, due to its stable and inert molecular configuration, the current industrial route for CH 4 transformation suffers from intense energy consumption and considerable CO 2 emission. Therefore, developing novel technologies for CH 4 conversion with high efficiency, low cost, and in an environmentally friendly fashion is extremely desirable. , Photocatalytic CH 4 conversion driven by clean and abundant solar energy could achieve the C–H activation at room temperature, representing a new stimulus for CH 4 conversion . To date, two main technical routes have been reported in the solar-energy-mediated CH 4 conversion to different products: (i) nonoxidative coupling to generate ethane and hydrogen and (ii) reacting with oxygen, water, and hydrogen peroxide to produce CH 3 OH, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide. , Among various products of CH 4 conversion, CH 3 OH is one of the most preferred products because it not only could act as versatile C1 building blocks for higher-value chemicals in the chemical industry but it also is a promising fuel due to the high energy density. ,, …”

Optimization of Ni-Based Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane via Alloy Design: A Review

“…An environmentally friendly alternative for methane utilization is a selective conversion into high value-added products rather than ignition. 12 The indirect syngas route for methane is considered promising, as the direct conversion pathway is limited by methane activation and stability of intermediates. 13,14 Methane reforming to syngas is one of the most critical industrial reactions at present.…”

“…Methane is a significant component of coal bed methane, shale gas, biogas, and natural gas and is commonly used as an energy fuel due to its high calorific value. An environmentally friendly alternative for methane utilization is a selective conversion into high value-added products rather than ignition . The indirect syngas route for methane is considered promising, as the direct conversion pathway is limited by methane activation and stability of intermediates. , Methane reforming to syngas is one of the most critical industrial reactions at present. − On the one hand, syngas is a gaseous fuel mixture mainly containing H 2 , CO, and trace CO 2 , which can be used as fuel or to manufacture fuels and precious chemicals. − Different syngas with different H 2 /CO molar ratios can produce various chemical products, such as methanol, dimethyl ether, and removal of CO to produce pure hydrogen for ammonia synthesis or hydrogenation. , What is particularly important is that the problem of expensive storage and transportation of gaseous fuels has not been appropriately solved. ,, Syngas can be synthesized from liquid hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons under suitable conditions and catalysts based on Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. ,− The pilot test of the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation has successfully used F-T synthesis to produce syngas obtained from the combined reforming of CO, methane, and H 2 O into liquid fuels .…”

Production of phenolic flavoring compounds from sugarcane bagasse by Lactobacillus acidophilus MTCC 10307

“…Waste biomass has promising potential providing global energy and other renewable green biochemicals due to abundancy and having no adverse effects on environment (Srivastava et al 2021;Yadav et al2021). Sugarcane leaves (SL) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) have been investigated for the last 3 decades for their use in bioconversion of lignocelluloses.…”