Conversion of levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate using tin modified silicotungstic acid supported on Ta2O5

MOF-derived zirconia-supported Keggin heteropoly acid nanoporous hybrids as a reusable catalyst for methyl oleate production

“…19,20 However, unsupported heteropoly acids have high solubility in polar media and low surface area, which limit their industrial applications. [21][22][23] Therefore, the design of heteropoly acids encapsulation into the excellent and stable porous supported for biodiesel production is still a great challenge.…”

Synergistic Catalysis of Co‐Zr/CNx Bimetallic Nanoparticles Enables Reductive Amination of Biobased Levulinic Acid

“…Nonnoble metals typically used as catalysts for oxidation/reduction of LA are Cu, [11] Co, [12][13][14][15] and Ni. [16] Transition metal oxides are also extensively used for the oxidation/reduction of LA, such as NiO, [17] ZrO 2 , [18] Ta 2 O 5 , [19] TiO 2 , [20] and WO 3 . [21] Bimetallic synergy is pivotal in metal catalysis due to its excellent catalytic activity.…”

Simulation Study and Sensitivity Analysis of Gamma-Valerolactone Production from Ethyl Levulinate

“…The exploitation of fossil resources not only resulted in rapid development but also in environmental pollution and an energy crisis as industrialization has progressed [1]. Water pollution, the greenhouse effect, a lack of energy, and reduced biodiversity have all become major issues [2,3]. To alleviate the current state of environmental pollution and the global energy crisis, researchers continue to investigate and develop a new green renewable energy resource such as wind, solar, and biomass power [1,4,5].…”