Conversion of isopropanol and mixed alcohols to hydrocarbons using HZSM‐5 catalyst in the MixAlco™ process. Part 2: Studies at 5000 kPa (abs)

Abstract

This study employed HZSM‐5 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 280 mol/mol) to produce hydrocarbons from reagent‐grade isopropanol and mixed alcohols made from lignocellulosic biomass (waste office paper and chicken manure) using the MixAlco™ process. All studies were performed at P = 5000 kPa (abs). The experiments were conducted in two sets: (1) vary temperature (300–450°C) at weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) = 1.92 h−1, and (2) vary WHSV (1.92–11.52 h−1) at T = 370°C. For isopropanol at higher temperatures, the olefins undergo more cracking reactions to produce smaller molecules and more aromatics. At low temperatures, the molecules have less energy so they do not crack and therefore form larger molecules. At T = 300°C, the carbon distribution is bimodal at C9 and C12, which shows trimerization and tetramerization of propene. At 300°C, propene was the only gas produced, cracking did not occur and therefore preserved high‐molecular‐weight molecules. For mixed alcohols, higher temperatures show significant catalyst deactivation; however, isopropanol did not show any catalyst deactivation. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1707–1715, 2016

Ethanol to high-octane hydrocarbons using HZSM-5 as catalyst

“…Although there was not much difference in the distillation results, the gasoline obtained at 410 °C was slightly heavier than the others. As aforementioned, there were more aromatics in the gasoline obtained at higher temperatures, and these are heavier than isomers of paraffins and olefins [11]. Figure 4 shows the distillation curves for EX1, EX4, EX7, compared to high-grade commercial gasoline.…”

“…Table 2 shows that the octane number is greater than 95 for all cases which is higher to the highest gasoline available in Ecuador with octane number 92. On the other hand, Reid vapor pressure increased with temperature because the amount of aromatics increases with temperature (which show higher vapor pressures than olefins and paraffins) in the gasoline at greater temperatures [4,11]. The cupper metal corrosion essay was negative in the three experimental runs because the hydrocarbons obtained from ethanol do not contain sulfur or acid corrosion-generating compounds.…”

Conversion of acetone and mixed ketones to hydrocarbons using HZSM-5 catalyst in the carboxylate platform

“…The ACN was 8.43±1.4 (305°C) and 8.24 ±1.2 (415°C). This Gaussian distribution of products was not observed in the isopropanol and mixed-alcohol reactions [ 17 , 18 ]. Fig 7 also shows the most abundant compound for each carbon number.…”

“…Although mixed alcohols and mixed ketones products have the same carbon distribution, their reaction mechanisms are very different. The purpose of this study is to extend the previous work on mixed alcohols to hydrocarbons [ 17 , 18 ] and investigate the transformation of acetone and mixed ketones to hydrocarbons. This paper also provides an insight into the reaction conditions and the type and distribution of hydrocarbons products obtained, as well as a proposed reaction mechanism.…”