“…The same furfural yield was also achieved from cellulose under more severe conditions (190 °C for 30 min). Gürbüz et al (2013) and Zhang et al (2014a) also found this phenomenon when using H-mordenite and FeCl3·6H2O as catalysts for furfural production in GVL, respectively. According to previous reports, this may occur because glucose can transform to a pentose by tautomerization and a subsequent retro-aldol reaction in the presence of an acid catalyst in GVL (Aida et al 2007;Jin and Enomoto 2011 , excellent reusability, and ease of preparation.…”
mentioning
confidence: 66%
“…Gürbüz et al (2013) investigated the effect of water concentration on the conversion of xylose into furfural in GVL-H2O with H-mordenite and found that the presence of water had negative effects on furfural production. Water not only decreased the rate of furfural production, but also accelerated furfural degradation reactions.…”
Section: Production Of Hmf From Fructosementioning
Selective conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is of great significance for biomass conversion. In this study, a novel solid Brønsted acid was prepared simply by the copolymerization of paraformaldehyde and p-toluenesulfonic acid and then used to catalyze the conversion of various carbohydrates into HMF in γ-valerolactone-water (GVL/H2O) reaction medium for the first time. The catalyst exhibited strong acidity, good water resistance, and high thermal stability. The present work focuses on the effects of various reaction parameters, including reaction temperature, time, water concentration, solvent, fructose level, and catalyst loading, on fructose dehydration. The catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance for HMF production from fructose in GVL and furnished a high HMF yield of 78.1% at 130 °C in 30 min. The recycling experiments suggested that the solid acid catalyst could be recycled at least seven times without a noticeable decrease in the catalytic activity. In addition, an attempt to study the one-step conversion of sucrose, glucose, and cellulose into HMF and furfural was performed using the same catalytic system.
“…The same furfural yield was also achieved from cellulose under more severe conditions (190 °C for 30 min). Gürbüz et al (2013) and Zhang et al (2014a) also found this phenomenon when using H-mordenite and FeCl3·6H2O as catalysts for furfural production in GVL, respectively. According to previous reports, this may occur because glucose can transform to a pentose by tautomerization and a subsequent retro-aldol reaction in the presence of an acid catalyst in GVL (Aida et al 2007;Jin and Enomoto 2011 , excellent reusability, and ease of preparation.…”
mentioning
confidence: 66%
“…Gürbüz et al (2013) investigated the effect of water concentration on the conversion of xylose into furfural in GVL-H2O with H-mordenite and found that the presence of water had negative effects on furfural production. Water not only decreased the rate of furfural production, but also accelerated furfural degradation reactions.…”
Section: Production Of Hmf From Fructosementioning
Selective conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is of great significance for biomass conversion. In this study, a novel solid Brønsted acid was prepared simply by the copolymerization of paraformaldehyde and p-toluenesulfonic acid and then used to catalyze the conversion of various carbohydrates into HMF in γ-valerolactone-water (GVL/H2O) reaction medium for the first time. The catalyst exhibited strong acidity, good water resistance, and high thermal stability. The present work focuses on the effects of various reaction parameters, including reaction temperature, time, water concentration, solvent, fructose level, and catalyst loading, on fructose dehydration. The catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance for HMF production from fructose in GVL and furnished a high HMF yield of 78.1% at 130 °C in 30 min. The recycling experiments suggested that the solid acid catalyst could be recycled at least seven times without a noticeable decrease in the catalytic activity. In addition, an attempt to study the one-step conversion of sucrose, glucose, and cellulose into HMF and furfural was performed using the same catalytic system.
“…Bio-based GVL was used as solvent due to its superior properties in biomass utilization. 43,44 More importantly, GVL can be derived from biomass by a integrated process.…”
A resorcinol-formaldehyde resin carbon (RFC) catalyst with a well-developed, ordered, mesoporous framework was prepared using a soft template method at room temperature. The carbon was sulfonated in water using sulfanilic acid under mild atmospheric conditions. The sulfonated RFC (S-RFC) was characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption, elemental analysis, TEM, XPS, and FT-IR. It was determined that S-RFC is an efficient solid acid catalyst for furfural production from xylose and corn stover in gvalerolactone (GVL). The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst loading, substrate dosage and water concentration were investigated. 80% furfural yield and 100% xylose conversion were obtained from xylose at 170 C in 15 min with 0.5 g catalyst. Comparatively, 68.6% furfural yield was achieved from corn stover at 200 C in 100 min when using 0.6 g catalyst. Since there was no discernable decrease in furfural yield after multiple conversions utilizing the same catalyst, the recyclability of the catalyst is considered good.
“…15,16,110 Even though zeolites are excellent solid acids, they are not always the most appropriate catalysts. [111][112][113][114] For example, for the conversion of glucose or fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural 112,114 and glucose or cellulose to LA, 113,115 catalysts containing heterogeneized sulfonic acid groups were significantly more selective than zeolites. Although sulfonic acid based catalysts are very selective for production of HMF and LA from monosaccharides, they were found to have poor stability, mainly in the presence of water.…”
Section: Catalysts: Towards Heterogeneous Catalysis Bifunctional Catmentioning
Chemicals commodities and consumable, accounting for billions of ton of carbon per year, are produced in an industry based on non-renewable fossil feedstocks. Oil reserves are enough for feeding chemical industry for another century, and therefore, it is essential finding alternative sources of carbon for a progressive replacement of the industrial feedstock. In this context lignocellulosic, a renewable source of carbon composed mainly by polymers of sugars, appears as the most promising candidate. Herein, it will be discussed the status, challenges and prospective future of biomass as industrial feedstock in a raising biorefinery, aiming to clarify the real problems in the actual biomass processing. It will be shown that lignocellulosic biomass is able to replace oil in the production of several chemicals and also delivery new compounds with important applications. However, for a cost effective use of biomass, the development and improvement of solvent and catalytic systems play a leading role. The sustainability of biomass feedstock is also discussed from the economical, social and environmental points of view.
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