Conversion of Glycerol to Dihydroxyacetone by Immobilized Whole Cells of Acetobacter xylinum

Abstract

Enzymatic production of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) was studied by immobilization of the whole cells of acetic acid bacteria capable of oxidizing glycerol to DHA. Acetobacter xylinum A-9 cells immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel were selected as the most favorable enzyme preparation. The enzymatic properties of immobilized cells converting glycerol to DHA were investigated and compared with those of intact cells. The optimum pH for the immobilized cells was broad (4.0 to 5.5), whereas the intact cells had a narrow pH optimum at 5.5. The thermal stability of the immobilized cells was somewhat higher than that of the intact cells. Apparent Km values for glycerol with both intact and immobilized cells were about equal, 6.3 x 10-2 to 6.5 x 10-2 M. The complete conversion of glycerol to DHA was achieved within 40 h under optimum conditions, and pure crystalline DHA was readily isolated from the reaction mixture with over 80% yield.

Enhancement of 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone Production from Gluconobacter oxydans by Combined Mutagenesis

“…After centrifugation at 8,000 rpm for 10 min, cells from 50 ml of culture were washed with distilled water for 3-4 times and dried to constant weight at 105 o C. Enzymatic activity. The activity of the catalyzing enzyme was determined as described by Nabe et al [22]. Cells at logarithmic phase were collected by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 10 min and washed with phosphate buffer (pH 6.0).…”

Overexpression of the genes of glycerol catabolism and glycerol facilitator improves glycerol conversion to ethanol in the methylotrophic thermotolerant yeast Ogataea polymorpha

“…Different ways of crude glycerol utilization have been proposed, such as use of glycerol as a central raw material for the chemical conversion to the fine valuable compounds (glyceric acid, dihydroxyacetone (DHA), ketomalonic acid, polyketomalonate, 1,2,3‐tri‐tertbutyl glycerol, propylene glycol [1,2‐propanediol], acrolein, and epichlorohydrin; Pagliaro, Ciriminna, Kimura, Rossi, & Della Pina, ); use of glycerol as an animal feedstock (Yang, Hanna, & Sun, ); combustion of crude glycerol (Quispe, Coronado, & Carvalho, ); and the microbial conversion of crude glycerol to value‐added commodities (Wendisch, Lindner, & Meiswinkel, ). Some existing or plausible biotechnological applications that use glycerol as a substrate for conversion or as a source of carbon and energy for growth of the microorganisms are as follows: production of DHA (Flickinger & Perlman, ; Matsushita, Toyama, & Adachi, ; Nabe, Izuo, Yamada, & Chibata, ); 1,3‐propanediol (Biebl, Zeng, Menzel, & Deckwer, ; Forage & Foster, ); 2,3‐butanediol (Petrov & Petrova, ); glyceric acid (Habe et al, ; Habe, Fukuoka, Kitamoto, & Sakaki, ); and biosurfactants (Ashby & Solaiman, ; Morita, Konishi, Fukuoka, Imura, & Kitamoto, ; Wu, Yeh, Lu, Lin, & Chang, ).…”

Low-cost biotransformation of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone throughGluconobacter frateuriiin medium with inorganic salts only

“…The biotransformations of glycerol into DHA have been performed using a few species of acetic acid bacteria including Acetobacter (Virtanen and Nordlund 1933;Nabe et al 1979) and Gluconobacter (Flickinger and Perlman 1979;Ohrem and Voß 1996;Hekmat et al 2007;Hu et al 2010Hu et al , 2011Hu et al , 2012Hu et al , 2017Ma et al 2010;Liu et al 2013;Zheng et al 2016;Zhou et al 2016). The culture media containing glycerol as a carbon source and yeast extract as supplemental nutrients were used for culturing Acetobacter suboxydans (Virtanen and Nordlund 1933), Acetobacter xylinum (Nabe et al 1979) and Gluconobacter oxydans (Hu et al 2010(Hu et al , 2011(Hu et al , 2012(Hu et al , 2017Ma et al 2010;Zhou et al 2016). Gluconobacter frateurii has also been used for producing DHA in a culture medium containing glycerol and supplemented with yeast extract and CaCO 3 .…”