Conversion of De-oiled Castor Seed Cake into Bio-oil and Carbon Adsorbents

Al-Dobouni, Imad A.; Fadhil, Abdelrahman B.; Saied, I. K.

doi:10.1080/15567036.2012.733482

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These findings suggest that reducing the particle size of the feed results in faster gasification of the raw biomass under the pyrolysis conditions as an outcome of the more rapid mass and heat transfer 95 . The obtained achievements are in good agreement with those announced for the pyrolysis of blue‐green algae blooms, 95 safflower seed, 96 and de‐oiled castor seed cake 97 …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Production and characterization of liquid biofuels from locally available nonedible feedstocks

Fadhil

2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) seeds were exploited as possible nonedible feedstock for the synthesis of liquid biofuels, namely, biodiesel and bio‐oil via alkali–alcoholysis and pyrolysis routes, respectively. The alkali–alcoholysis reaction of mandarin seed oil with an equivalent mixture of methanol–ethanol alcohols was examined and optimized by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The best experimental yield of biodiesel (95.55 ± 1.55 wt.%) was comparable with the predicted yield (95.0 wt.%). Also, analysis by one‐way ANOVA showed that the selected variables were statistically significant. The 1H NMR spectroscopy asserted the transformation of the oil to biodiesel. Also, the evaluated properties of the biodiesel were in the range given by ASTM D6751 standards. The mandarin citrus seeds have also subjected to the thermal pyrolysis process in a fixed‐bed reactor to obtain bio‐oil and bio‐char. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature, time, feed particle size, and heating rate on the bio‐oil yield was optimized. The highest yield of bio‐oil (52.34 ± 1.25 wt.%) was attained at 475°C for 60 min using 70 mesh particle size of the feed with a heating rate of 20°C/min. The bio‐oil was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR spectroscopy, and ultimate analysis. The bio‐oil derived from MCS has an empirical formula of CH1.88 O0.16 N0.012 S0.0005 with 37.96 MJ/kg of heating value. The elevated carbon level, low oxygen content, and high calorific value (25.45 MJ/kg) of the attained bio‐char suggest its suitability as a solid fuel. Also, the obtained bio‐char can be utilized for preparing carbon adsorbent as a result of its good surface area.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Production and characterization of liquid biofuels from locally available nonedible feedstocks

Fadhil

2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…The results of physicochemical analyses of bio-oil obtained in exp. 6 (Figure 10), which are summarized in Table 3, are in a reasonable agreement with those reported in the related literature [47][48][49][50]. Values of density (ρ) (1.027 ± 0.014 g/cm 3 ) are higher and of pH (3.34 ± 0.02) are lower than those of diesel fuel (0.82-0.85 g/cm 3 and 5.5-8, respectively).…”

Section: Bio-oil Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Valorization of Vine Prunings by Slow Pyrolysis in a Fixed-Bed Reactor

et al. 2021

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The paper aimed at studying the slow pyrolysis of vine pruning waste in a fixed bed reactor and characterizing the pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted for 60 min, using CO2 as a carrier gas and oxidizing agent. The distribution of biochar and bio-oil was dependent on variations in heat flux (4244–5777 W/m2), CO2 superficial velocity (0.004–0.008 m/s), and mean size of vegetal material (0.007–0.011 m). Relationships among these factors and process performances in terms of yields of biochar (0.286–0.328) and bio-oil (0.260–0.350), expressed as ratio between the final mass of pyrolysis product and initial mass of vegetal material, and final value of fixed bed temperature (401.1–486.5 °C) were established using a 23 factorial design. Proximate and ultimate analyses, FT-IR and SEM analyses, measurements of bulk density (0.112 ± 0.001 g/cm3), electrical conductivity (0.55 ± 0.03 dS/m), pH (10.35 ± 0.06), and water holding capacity (58.99 ± 14.51%) were performed for biochar. Water content (33.2 ± 1.27%), density (1.027 ± 0.014 g/cm3), pH (3.34 ± 0.02), refractive index (1.3553 ± 0.0027), and iodine value (87.98 ± 4.38 g I2/100 g bio-oil) were measured for bio-oil. Moreover, chemical composition of bio-oil was evaluated using GC-MS analysis, with 27 organic compounds being identified.

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“…In this regard, bio‐wastes and synthetic waste polymers have widely been exploited in this field 14–18 . Employing the AC in the removal of DBT has been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylene terephthalate waste‐derived activated carbon for adsorptive desulfurization of dibenzothiophene from model gasoline: Kinetics and isotherms evaluation

Fadhil

Saeed

2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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The present study concentrates on the preparation of activated carbon (AC) from a low‐cost precursor, namely, polyethylene terephthalate waste, as a potential alternative adsorbent to commercially activated carbon for desulfurization of model gasoline at ambient temperature. Polyethylene terephthalate was carbonized at 450°C, and the produced char was steam activated at 750°C for 90 min to prepare the AC. The morphology, crystallinity, and surface functional groups of as‐synthesized adsorbent were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The so‐synthesized AC was employed in the adsorptive desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model gasoline. The effect of the initial concentration of DBT, AC dose, temperature, and contact time on the removal efficiency of DBT was investigated. The maximum desulfurization level (97.10%) was performed at 40°C using 0.30 g of the AC for 60 min. The Langmuir model best demonstrated the adsorption results with an adsorption capacity of 49.56 mg/g. The pseudo‐second‐order model best described the adsorption kinetics of DBT by the so‐synthesized AC. The obtained consequences exhibited that AC with high desulfurization capability could be synthesized from polyethylene terephthalate waste.

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Conversion of De-oiled Castor Seed Cake into Bio-oil and Carbon Adsorbents

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

Production and characterization of liquid biofuels from locally available nonedible feedstocks

Production and characterization of liquid biofuels from locally available nonedible feedstocks

Valorization of Vine Prunings by Slow Pyrolysis in a Fixed-Bed Reactor

Polyethylene terephthalate waste‐derived activated carbon for adsorptive desulfurization of dibenzothiophene from model gasoline: Kinetics and isotherms evaluation

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