Conversion of cellulose to lactic acid catalyzed by erbium-exchanged montmorillonite K10

Abstract

Erbium ion-exchanged montmorillonite K10 can catalyze effectively the hydrolysis of cellulose into lactic acid, giving a lactic acid yield as high as 67.6%.

The conversion of glycerol to lactic acid catalyzed by ZrO2-supported CuO catalysts

“…CuO/ZrO 2 catalysts with different Cu loadings (5,10,15,20,30,45 and 60 wt%) were prepared by a deposition-precipitation method [40]. In a typical preparation, 1.9 g ZrO 2 was dispersed in 100 mL deionized water by ultrasonication.…”

“…However, this process suffers from low efficiency, the high cost of enzymes, the generation of an undesirable salt waste effluent and difficulties regarding product purification. Hence, alternative catalytic processes for the production of lactic acid are desirable [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Fe-Doped SnO2catalysts with both BA and LA sites: facile preparation and biomass carbohydrates conversion to methyl lactate MLA

“…7 Therefore, chemo-catalytic processes attract more and more attentions as a promising alternative to current fermentation procedure. [8][9][10][11][12] In this context, the use of homogeneous Lewis acid catalysts to synthesize LA and MLA was propose. 13 Several compounds as homogeneous catalysts have been found to be efficient for the conversion of biomass to LA, such as Ca(OH) 2 16 and so on.…”

“…8,9 For instance, Sels et al 32 designed a carbon-silica bifunctional catalyst with both Lewis acid sites and weak Brønsted acid sites. During the sugar conversion, the weak Brønsted acid sites are demonstrated to be efficient for the formation of pyruvic aldehyde (PAL) from glyceraldehyde (GLY).…”

Biomimetic Conversion of Glucose to Organic Acid Facilitated by Metalloporphyrin under Mild Conditions

“…For example, Esposito and Antonietti (2013) reported the hydrothermal conversion of glucose to lactic acid in 0.1 M Ba(OH)2 solution, giving a 57% yield of lactic acid after 180 min at 250 °C. Wang et al (2015b) improved the yield of lactic acid up to 68% using a hydrothermal treatment of cellulose, with erbium ion-exchanged montmorillonite K10 as an efficient solid acid catalyst at 240 °C under 2 MPa of N2 for 30 min. These hydrothermal processes require high temperature and pressure to pose stress on the reactor.…”