Conversion of biomass to chemicals over zirconium phosphate-based catalysts

Highly selective synthesis of 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan via catalytic amination of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural with NH3 over a bifunctional catalyst

“…Utilization of biomass as raw material has potential to replace diminishing fossil fuels with renewable feedstocks, thereby alleviating the dependence on petro-based materials, and reducing pollution. 3 In addition, biomass-derived diamine monomers would meet the rising demand for biocompatible polymers. Therefore, the development of effective methods for the preparation of diamines from bio-based renewable materials is an attractive prospect in view of establishing the sustainable development of societies.…”

An efficient and reusable bimetallic Ni3Fe NPs@C catalyst for selective hydrogenation of biomass-derived levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone

“…However, formic acid exhibits stronger corrosion effect of on Ni3Fe NPs@C catalyst, leading to a poor catalyst stability (Table S2, entry 4). The above results suggest that under the optimal reaction conditions, the TH performance of 500-Ni3Fe NPs@C(3:1) catalyst for converting LA to GVL is comparable to the state-of-the-art Ru-based catalysts (Table S1, entries [10][11][12]. The TH performance of the monometallic catalysts of Ni NPs@C and Fe NPs@C were also investigated.…”

“…With TH reaction route, the esterification reaction between the hydroxyl group of isopropanol and carboxyl group of LA can readily occur to form an intermediate of isopropyl levulinate (T1) [10]. When the reaction temperature reaches a key point (ca.…”

“…For example, the massively produced levulinic acid (LA) via cellulose hydrolysis and dehydration biorefinery processes is one of the Top 10 most promising biomass derived platform molecules [4][5][6]. It can be converted, through selective hydrogenation, into valuable-added chemicals such as γ-valerolactone (GVL), which can be directly utilized as gasoline blender, food additive or solvent, and used as precursors for the production of plastics, polymers, hydrocarbons (aromatics, alkenes and alkanes) and other valuable chemicals [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Phosphotungstic acid heterogenized by assembly with pyridines for efficient catalytic conversion of fructose to methyl levulinate

“…[1][2][3][4][5] In contrast to other renewable energies such as solar, wind and hydro power, biomass is the only feedstock that provides sustainable organic carbon resources for both biofuels and chemicals. [6][7][8][9][10] In this respect, fructose, as an ample and inexpensive six-carbon sugar molecule, has been employed widely for the synthesis of biobased products. For example, the loss of three water molecules from fructose catalyzed by an acid can yield 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, followed by alcoholysis to give alkyl levulinates.…”