Conversion of androgen to estrogen by the rat fetal and neonatal female gonad: Effects of dcAMP and FSH

Picon, R.; Pelloux, M.C.; Benhaïm, Annie; Gloaguen, F.

doi:10.1016/0022-4731(85)90058-5

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although the ovaries of rats form estrogens in very low amounts during embryonic development (6, 7), the major development of ovarian aromatase occurs postnatally and is temporally associated with development of the follicles (8). We document here that the postnatal appearance of rat ovarian aromatase does not occur spontaneously in culture but can be induced prior to folliculogenesis by activation of cAMPgenerating systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

Vasoactive intestinal peptide enhances aromatase activity in the neonatal rat ovary before development of primary follicles or responsiveness to follicle-stimulating hormone.

George¹,

Ojeda²

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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mentioning

confidence: 70%

Vasoactive intestinal peptide enhances aromatase activity in the neonatal rat ovary before development of primary follicles or responsiveness to follicle-stimulating hormone.

George¹,

Ojeda²

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The role of aromatase activities of the fetus in the conversion of maternal testosterone to estrogen is likely to be minor. Aromatase activities are detectable at low levels in both the testis and ovary of fetal mammals (46)(47)(48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The masculinization of the fetus during pregnancy due to inhalation of diesel exhaust.

Watanabe¹,

Kurita²

2001

Environ Health Perspect

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This study was conducted to determine the impact of diesel exhaust inhalation on the fetus. Seventy-two pregnant rats and 18 nonpregnant rats were divided into three groups: a group exposed to total diesel engine exhaust containing 5.63 mg/m(3) particulate matter, 4.10 ppm nitrogen dioxide, and 8.10 ppm nitrogen oxide; a group exposed to filtered exhaust without particulate matter; and a group exposed to clean air. The exposure period was from day 7 until day 20 of pregnancy. In addition, 15 pregnant rats were treated with aromatase inhibitors or testosterone to clarify the process by which diesel exhaust exerts its toxicity. The anogenital distance was significantly longer in male and female fetuses from both exhaust-exposed groups than in those of the control. Differentiation of the testis, ovary, and thymus was delayed and disturbed. Maternal testosterone and progesterone levels, which increased due to pregnancy whether or not the rats were exposed, were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the pregnant rats exposed to total exhaust and filtered exhaust. The serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level and urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (OHCS) did not differ among the pregnant groups. These results indicate that elevated testosterone did not result from elevated maternal adrenal function. The feto-placental-ovarian unit and inhibition of aromatase activity and synthesis caused by diesel exhaust inhalation might have played an essential role in the accumulation of testosterone. Since both exhaust-exposed groups showed almost the same reactions toward the inhalation, the gaseous phase must have included the relevant toxicants.

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“…Early studies clearly established that cAMP is the main intracellular messenger mediating FSH stimulation of aromatase expression [10,[50][51][52]. The increase in intracellular cAMP levels induced by FSH leads to the activation the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA).…”

Section: 3b Intracellular Signaling Pathway and Aromatase Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatase expression in the ovary: Hormonal and molecular regulation

2008

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Summary-Estrogens are synthesized by the aromatase enzyme encoded by the Cyp19a1 gene, which contains an unusually large regulatory region. In most mammals, aromatase expression is under the control of two distinct promoters a gonad-and a brain-specific promoter. In humans, this gene contains 10 tissue-specific promoters that are alternatively used in various cell types and tumors. Each promoter is regulated by a distinct set of regulatory sequences and transcription factors that bind to these specific sequences. The cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway is considered to be the primary signaling cascade through which the gonad Cyp19 promoter is regulated. Very interestingly, in rat luteal cells, the proximal promoter is not controlled in a cAMP dependent manner. Strikingly, these cells express aromatase at high levels similar to those found in preovulatory follicles, suggesting that alternative and powerful mechanisms control aromatase expression in luteal cells and that the rat corpus luteum represents an important paradigm for understanding alternative controls of the aromatase gene. Here, the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling the expression of the aromatase gene in granulosa and luteal cells are discussed.

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Conversion of androgen to estrogen by the rat fetal and neonatal female gonad: Effects of dcAMP and FSH

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Vasoactive intestinal peptide enhances aromatase activity in the neonatal rat ovary before development of primary follicles or responsiveness to follicle-stimulating hormone.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide enhances aromatase activity in the neonatal rat ovary before development of primary follicles or responsiveness to follicle-stimulating hormone.

The masculinization of the fetus during pregnancy due to inhalation of diesel exhaust.

Aromatase expression in the ovary: Hormonal and molecular regulation

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