Conversational Maxim View of Politeness: Focus on Politeness Implicatures Raised in Performing Persian Offers and Invitations

Abstract

Abstract-This study reviewed the criticisms against Brown and Levinson's (1987) claim about necessity of violation of cooperative principles (CP) in giving rise to politeness implicatures. To support these critiques, evidences from Persian offers and invitations were provided from the texts of 10 Iranian movies. As no alternative framework for analysing the content of these implicatures has been proposed so far, the researchers adopted two politeness principles namely 'tact' and 'generosity' maxims as well as the cost-benefit and directness-indirectness scales proposed by Leech (1983) to fill this gap in the area of Persian pragmatics. The results of this study showed that both generosity and tact maxims are the main reasons behind both direct and indirect offers and invitations. Besides, the results showed that cost-benefit scale can explain the politeness implicatures raised in performing these speech acts better than directness-indirectness scale.

Context in Distinguishing between Overt and Actual Functions of Polite Speech Acts

“…The rationale behind this selection is their relevancy to the mechanism of ta'ārof. To this aim, the strategies used in the structures of speech acts were identified based on previous studies (Afghari, 2007;Allami, 2012;Aliakbari & Changizi, 2012;Yaqubi et al, 2016;Yaqubi, forthcoming (a)).…”

“…Eslami (2005) and other scholars' arguments on the similarity of invitation and offer speech acts justify the adoption of offer strategies to identify invitation strategies in Persian. This framework has been used to realize Persian offers and invitation in Persian by Yaqubi et al (2016).…”

“…During the past decade, there has been an unprecedented growth in Persian mono-cultural, interlanguage and cross-cultural studies on pragmatic issues relevant to speech acts such as implicature (Yaqubi, et al 2016), face-threatening acts and politeness (Yaqubi, 2012, Yaqubi et al, 2013. A thorough review of all Persian pragmatics falls beyond the scope of this study, as the main aim here is to investigate the overt versus actual functions of Persian genuine and ostensible speech acts.…”

Maxim of Politeness to Improve Language Principles: Case Study on Mata Najwa Trans 7 Talk Show Program

“…Liu (2017) presented a solid conceptual framework by applying the host's and interviewee's maximum civility, paving the way for understanding concrete strategies to create polite and effective conversational environments. Meanwhile, the third (Zhou & Zhang, 2018) and fourth (Yaqubi et al, 2016) articles present an in-depth analysis of the impact of politeness practices on verbal and non-verbal interactions in talk show settings, providing valuable insights into the evolving conversation dynamics. The fifth (Omar et al, 2018) and sixth (Aini et al, 2023) articles enrich the literature by investigating politeness communication patterns in the media context and providing an in-depth understanding of the differences in applying politeness norms across different broadcasting formats.…”

Influence of Social Power and Distance on Request Strategies in Saudi Arabic

“…Areas of pragmatics (Leech, 1983, p. 11) Language and culture are two concepts that are interwoven in the sense that language is an instrument for preserving and transforming culture, whereas the influence of culture on language is very obvious in the language of any speech community. Exploring the extent to which the sociocultural norms of a particular society impact the use of language has attracted the attention of many researchers (e.g., Yaqubi et al, 2016;Maer, 2015, Samarah, 2015Alrefai, 2012, among others). Pragmatic research has focused on how sociocultural norms influence the language to explore the ways in which these rules are acquired in order to facilitate communication (Al-Adaileh, 2007).…”