Conversation and Coordinative Structures

Shockley, Kevin; Richardson, Daniel C.; Dale, Rick

doi:10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01021.x

Cited by 246 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, we measured body sway in two string quartets. Body sway is a global measurement of an individual's actions (14) not precisely time-locked to the musical notes or the finger and bow movements that are critical to musical sound generation. We used body sway as a reflection of interpersonal communication in achieving a joint aesthetic goal by coordinating performance aspects, such as phrasing, dynamics, timbre, and expressive timing between musicians.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Body sway has been used to index underlying mechanisms of joint action as it becomes interpersonally coupled when individuals engage in a coordinated task (37,38) and during conversation (14,15). Body sway dynamics are thought to reflect real-time interpersonal information sharing (14,16).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Body sway dynamics are thought to reflect real-time interpersonal information sharing (14,16). Previous studies of music ensembles suggest that body sway helps pianists coordinate tempo fluctuations (31) and that the body sway of performers playing the leading melody tend to precede the sway of those who play the accompaniment (30,39).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many forms of joint action are coordinated nonverbally, such as dancing a tango or performing music in an ensemble. Previous studies have examined nonverbal joint action between two coactors engaged in constrained laboratory tasks in terms of how they adapt to each other (2,(13)(14)(15)(16). However, the effect of social roles, such as leader and follower, on group coordination is not well understood, nor are the nonverbal mechanisms by which leaderfollower information is communicated, particularly in ecologically realistic situations involving more than two coactors (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Body sway reflects leadership in joint music performance

Chang

Livingstone

Bosnyak

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

140

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The cultural and technological achievements of the human species depend on complex social interactions. Nonverbal interpersonal coordination, or joint action, is a crucial element of social interaction, but the dynamics of nonverbal information flow among people are not well understood. We used joint music making in string quartets, a complex, naturalistic nonverbal behavior, as a model system. Using motion capture, we recorded body sway simultaneously in four musicians, which reflected real-time interpersonal information sharing. We used Granger causality to analyze predictive relationships among the motion time series of the players to determine the magnitude and direction of information flow among the players. We experimentally manipulated which musician was the leader (followers were not informed who was leading) and whether they could see each other, to investigate how these variables affect information flow. We found that assigned leaders exerted significantly greater influence on others and were less influenced by others compared with followers. This effect was present, whether or not they could see each other, but was enhanced with visual information, indicating that visual as well as auditory information is used in musical coordination. Importantly, performers' ratings of the "goodness" of their performances were positively correlated with the overall degree of body sway coupling, indicating that communication through body sway reflects perceived performance success. These results confirm that information sharing in a nonverbal joint action task occurs through both auditory and visual cues and that the dynamics of information flow are affected by changing group relationships.leadership | joint action | music performance | body sway | Granger causality C oordinating actions with others in time and space-joint action-is essential for daily life. From opening a door for someone to conducting an orchestra, periods of attentional and physical synchrony are required to achieve a shared goal. Humans have been shaped by evolution to engage in a high level of social interaction, reflected in high perceptual sensitivity to communicative features in voices and faces, the ability to understand the thoughts and beliefs of others, sensitivity to joint attention, and the ability to coordinate goal-directed actions with others (1-3). The social importance of joint action is demonstrated in that simply moving in synchrony with another increases interpersonal affiliation, trust, and/or cooperative behavior in infants and adults (e.g., refs. 4-9). The temporal predictability of music provides an ideal framework for achieving such synchronous movement, and it has been hypothesized that musical behavior evolved and remains adaptive today because it promotes cooperative social interaction and joint action (10-12). Indeed music is used in important situations where the goal is for people to feel a social bond, such as at religious ceremonies, weddings, funerals, parties, sporting events, political rallies, and in the military...

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Body sway reflects leadership in joint music performance

Chang

Livingstone

Bosnyak

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

140

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“…With reference to motor control, a synergy is a set of potentially independent degrees-offreedom (e.g., neurons, muscles, limbs, actions) operating under task-specific constraints such that the whole system functions as a single, collective unit. More abstractly, a synergy might be comprised of any type of interacting degrees-of-freedom, including individual actors engaged in an interpersonal task (Black, Riley & McCord, 2007;Riley et al, 2011;Shockley, Richardson & Dale, 2009). Often, synergies are considered to be soft-assembled, meaning that they are temporary organizations that can be dissembled and the components recombined to suit different, task-specific conditions (Kello & Van Orden, 2009;Kugler & Turvey, 1987;Turvey, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complexities of keeping the beat: dynamical structure in the nested behaviors of finger tapping

Coey

Hassebrock

Kloos

et al. 2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Recent research on fractal scaling in simple human behaviors (e.g., reaction time tasks) has demonstrated that different aspects of the performance (e.g., key presses and key releases) all reveal pink noise signals but yet are uncorrelated with one another in time. These studies have suggested that the independence of these signals might be due to the functional independence of these different sub-actions, given the task constraints. The current experiments investigated whether under a different set of constraints (e.g., finger tapping with and without a metronome) nested sub-actions might show interrelated dynamics, and whether manipulations affecting the fractal scaling of one also might have consequences for the scaling of others. Experiment 1 revealed that the inter-tap intervals and key-press durations of participants' tapping behavior were dynamically related to one another and that the fractal scaling of both changed in the switch from selfpaced to metronome-paced tapping. Consistent with past research, the inter-tap intervals changed toward an antipersistent, blue noise pattern of variation, but the keypress durations became even more persistent. Experiment 2 revealed that this pattern of results could be altered by asking participants to attempt to hold the key down for the entire length of the metronome tone. Specifically, the key-press duration of participants in the Bhold^group became less persistent in the switch across task conditions. Collectively, the results of these experiments suggest that fractal scaling reliably reflects the functional relationships of the processes underlying task performance. Keywords Fractal scaling . Long-range correlation . Finger tappingThere is growing appreciation within the fields of psychology and cognitive science that human behavior is inherently complex. Although there is not yet a consensus scientific definition (Delignières & Marmelat, 2012;Gell-Mann, 1995; Goldberger, Peng, & Lipsitz, 2002;Kelty-Stephen & Dixon, 2012;Kloos & Van Orden, 2010;Mainzer, 2005), Bcomplexity^here is intended to mean not only that behavior involves Ba lot of parts^(neurons, muscles, and bones within an actor, the behavior of other actors, the perpetually changing state of the environment) but also that these parts are interdependently coupled via nonlinear and sometimes nonobvious interactions. Understanding such complexity is no easy task, especially given that even the simplest of behaviors can reveal a surprising degree of complexity.Consider the task of rhythmically tapping one's finger. Although this is a relatively common and easily performed human behavior, scientific investigation has found that this simple act is supported and influenced by a range of complex, interdependent processes. Indeed, a vast literature on Bsensorimotor synchronization^has shown that the ability of humans to time their actions to other events depends on a host of neural

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Social synchronization during joint attention in children with autism spectrum disorder

Liu

Wang

et al. 2021

Autism Research

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Background: This study examined the social synchronization in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) when responding to others' joint attention. Social synchronization refers to an individuals' temporal coordination during social interactions, which has been found to play a crucial role in social development.De cient joint attention has been repeatedly found in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, and previous studies have demonstrated various explanations about it. In a more recent perspective, joint attention could be associated with spontaneous social motor synchronization, and it is possible to explore social synchronization as a pathway to understanding the impairments of joint attention in children with ASD.Methods: Forty-one children aged 5 to 8 with ASD and 43 age-matched typically developing (TD) children watched a video to completed the response to joint attention (RJA) tasks, during which their gaze data were collected. The synchronization of gaze-shift behaviors between children and the female model in the video was measured with the cross-recurrence quanti cation analysis (CRQA).Results: We found that children with ASD had the ability, to some extent, to synchronize their gaze shifts with the female model in the video during RJA tasks. However, compared to the TD children, children with ASD displayed lower levels of synchronization and longer latency in this synchronized behavior.Limitations: The RJA task in our study was not a real social interaction task but rather a one-way interaction. Social interaction between two persons through live video or a natural scenario should be further explored. Besides, additional work is necessary to determine whether our ndings generalize to individuals across the full autism spectrum. Conclusion:These ndings provide a new avenue to deepen our understanding of the impairments of joint attention in children with ASD. Notably, the analytic method can be further applied to explore the social synchronization of numerous other social interactive behaviors in ASD. Additionally, the impairment of social synchronization may be a new implicit indicator for the evaluation of autism and can be utilized to screen children with ASD along with other indicators.

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Conversation and Coordinative Structures

Cited by 246 publications

References 40 publications

Body sway reflects leadership in joint music performance

Body sway reflects leadership in joint music performance

The complexities of keeping the beat: dynamical structure in the nested behaviors of finger tapping

Social synchronization during joint attention in children with autism spectrum disorder

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