Converging Shocks

Apazidis, Nicholas; Eliasson, Veronica

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75866-4_3

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…It is clear from the flow patterns that there is some difference between the two cases: as the cross-section of the water barrier is square (Figures 6, 7), and as the cross-section of the water barrier is circular (Figures 8, 9). Second pressure peaks correspond to blast wave oblique reflection with their subsequent interaction [15][16][17]. In fact, anything like "aerodynamic shadow" forms just after the pressure barriers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blast suppression with water barriers

Chernyshov,

Savelova,

Yatsenko

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

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The article presents the results of numerical simulation of an explosive of interaction between air blast wave and water barrier. To find the best spape of relaxation material and to evaluate the suppression degree resulted from the interaction of the blast wave with protective liquid barriers, calculations for various shapes and sizes of water barriers were provided. Keywords: high explosive blast, blast protection, shock-wave structures, relaxation media, water barrier

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blast suppression with water barriers

Chernyshov,

Savelova,

Yatsenko

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

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“…As a result, as the corresponding damage diagrams show [11][12], it is possible to reduce the damaging effect of the blast wave to an acceptable (safe for people and structures) level at a distance of 2-3 meters from the epicenter of a condensed high explosive (HE) up to several kilograms of TNT equivalent mass (kg TNT). The phenomenon of suppression of the blast-wave effects by relaxation multiphase material of abnormally high compressibility (Gelfand-Silnikov effect [6]) manifests itself especially clearly when it is necessary to provide explosion protection in confined spaces, under conditions of multiple reflection, interaction (with amplification) and focusing of shock and blast waves [9]. Therefore, numerical studies to optimize the composition of relaxation blast-absorbing material and to select the most effective designs of explosion-proof devices are quite relevant.…”

Section: Page Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of an explosion-proof bin made of relaxation material

Chernyshov,

Savelova,

Yatsenko

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

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The article discusses the numerical simulation of a blast wave interaction with a relaxation multiphase material used in design of the destructible protection bin with combined method of suppression of the blast damage effects. Numerical simulation of shock-wave systems and processes occurring during the detonation of a condensed high explosive (HE) in semi-open (open at the top) explosion-proof bins was obtained, including when one which uses multiphase gas-liquid material (at a first approximation – water-bubble mechanical foam) as relaxation substance that absorbs the explosion energy and thus reduces the damaging effect of the blast waves.

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“…When a blast wave propagating in air encounters a rigid obstacle, such as the ground or another reflective surface, the impedance mismatch between air and the obstacle causes an increased pressure reflection back into the incoming flow of the blast wave (Apazidis and Eliasson, 2019; Ben-Dor, 2007; Cooper, 1937; Cullis, 2001; Prasanna Kumar et al, 2018). The reflected wave can exhibit overpressures between two and 13 times greater than the shock pressure of the unimpeded blast wave itself (Apazidis and Eliasson, 2019; Ben-Dor, 2007; Cooper, 1937). These reflected waves follow behind the initial wave and, due to their higher pressure, gradually catch up and coalesce with the initial, incident blast wave (Apazidis and Eliasson, 2019; Ben-Dor, 2007; Gault et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reflected wave can exhibit overpressures between two and 13 times greater than the shock pressure of the unimpeded blast wave itself (Apazidis and Eliasson, 2019; Ben-Dor, 2007; Cooper, 1937). These reflected waves follow behind the initial wave and, due to their higher pressure, gradually catch up and coalesce with the initial, incident blast wave (Apazidis and Eliasson, 2019; Ben-Dor, 2007; Gault et al, 2019). Extreme underestimations of maximum overpressures are a consequence of assuming the Friedlander waveform is representative of blast wave behavior in confined environments (Cullis et al, 2016; Langenderfer et al, 2021; Rutter and Johnson, 2017; Sherkar and Whittaker, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental and simulated investigation into the validity of unrestricted blast wave scaling models when applied to transonic flow in complex tunnel environments

Johnson

Grahl

Langenderfer

et al. 2022

International Journal of Protective Structures

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Since the inception of high explosives as an industrial tool, significant efforts have been made to understand the flow of energy from an explosive into its surroundings to maximize work produced while minimizing damaging effects. Many tools have been developed over the past century, such as the Hopkinson–Cranz (H-C) Scaling Formula, to define blast wave behavior in open air. Despite these efforts, the complexity of wave dynamics has rendered blast wave prediction difficult under confinement, where the wave interacts with reflective surfaces producing complex time-pressure waveforms. This paper implements two methods to better understand blast overpressure propagation in a confined tunnel environment and establish whether scaled tests can be performed comparatively to costly full-scale experiments. Time–pressure waveforms were predicted using both a 1:10 scaled model and three-dimensional air blast simulations conducted in Ansys Autodyn. A comparison of the reduced scale model simulation with a full-scale blast simulation resulted in self-similar overpressure waveforms when employing the H-C scaling model. Experimental overpressure waveforms showed a high level of correlation between the reduced scale model and simulations. Additionally, peak overpressure, duration, and impulse values were found to match within tolerances that are highly promising for applying this methodology in future applications. Using this validated relationship, the simulated model and reduced scale tests were used to predict an overpressure waveform in a full-scale underground mine opening to within 2.12%, 2.91%, and 7.84% for peak overpressure, time of arrival, and impulse, respectively. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of scaled, blast models when predicting blast wave parameters in a confined environment.

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Converging Shocks

Cited by 5 publications

References 105 publications

Blast suppression with water barriers

Blast suppression with water barriers

Simulation of an explosion-proof bin made of relaxation material

An experimental and simulated investigation into the validity of unrestricted blast wave scaling models when applied to transonic flow in complex tunnel environments

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