Converging evidence for a cognitive anomaly in early psychopathology

Fernandes, Leyan O. L.; Keller, Jennifer; Giese‐Davis, Janine; Hicks, Blair D.; Klein, Daniel N.; Miller, Gregory A.

doi:10.1017/s0048577299951727

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example, N2b, an ERP measure of selective attention, was enhanced in nonpatients with dysthymia and anhedonia (Fernandes et al, 1999;Giese-Davis, Miller, & Knight, 1993) and in patients with major depression . Due to substantial comorbidity of anxiety and depression, Mohanty et al (2000) used self-report scales that have been shown to distinguish among anxiety, depression, and negative affect (Nitschke, Heller, Imig, McDonald, & Miller, 2001) to determine which among these is involved in the attentional deficit measured by N2b enhancement.…”

Section: Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Deficits in Depression and Functional Specificity of Regional Brain Activity

et al. 2007

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The growing literature on cognitive deficits in depression is considered in light of regional brain activity as well as comorbid anxiety and life stressors. Cognitive impairments associated with depression are reviewed, with an emphasis on various aspects of executive function such as memory, attention, and problem-solving. These deficits are related to patterns of brain activity observed in prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and parietal cortices, as well as in subcortical regions. Evidence for the largely unexplored role of environmental stressors in depression and their impact on cognition and brain function is also examined, and promising avenues of additional research are noted. In addition to promoting interdisciplinary research, systematically assessing variables such as cognitive performance, comorbid anxiety, and relevant stressors may elucidate distinct patterns of brain function and cognition that could inform prevention and intervention.

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Section: Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Deficits in Depression and Functional Specificity of Regional Brain Activity

et al. 2007

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“…Studies reported higher posterior P300 amplitude (reflect orientation of attention) in depressed patients, especially in women, indicating that the cognitive functions (e.g. automatic orientation of attention and controlled orientation of attention, response resolution, and working memory) of depressed women are more serious than those of depressed men (6)(7)(8). In addition, depressed women scored significantly lower in tests involving cognitive interference threshold (Stroop III) and visual recall (Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure Test) compared to depressed men (9), thus implying a more severe cognitive dysfunction in depressed women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysfunction of Pre-Attentive Visual Information Processing in Drug-Naïve Women, But Not Men, During the Initial Episode of Major Depressive Disorder

et al. 2020

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Women are twice as likely as men to develop depression. Few studies have explored gender difference in cognitive function of patients with MDD. The gender difference in the pre-attentive information processing of MDD patients is still poorly understood. To examine the gender differences in change detection, 30 medication-free MDD patients (15 women) and 30 age and education matched controls (15 women) were recruited. The deviant-standard reverse oddball paradigm (50 ms/150 ms) was used to obtain the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) in first episode MDD patients. Compared to men with MDD, women with MDD showed a significantly decreased increment vMMN, while no gender difference in decrement vMMN was found. The increment vMMN amplitude in MDD women was smaller than in healthy women, whereas no difference was found in decrement vMMN. Neither increment nor decrement vMMN differed between MDD men and healthy men. The mean amplitude of increment vMMN was not correlated with symptoms of MDD in MDD patients and MDD women. To conclude, the dysfunction of visual information processing existed at pre-attentive stage in MDD women.

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“…The MMN and magnetic mismatch field (MMF) response can be obtained using visual, haptic, and auditory stimuli. A MMN is usually seen in the difference ERP wave between the standard and deviant conditions of an oddball paradigm, peaking at 120–250 ms post-stimulus latency, depending on the stimulus modality and the presentation parameters (Giese-Davis et al 1993; Naatanen and Alho 1995; Naatanen 1995; Alho 1995; Lang et al 1995; Fernandes et al 1999; Valkonen-Korhonen et al 2003). Studies have reported attenuated MMN (hypoactivation) in previously medicated or chronic schizophrenia patients (Shelley et al 1991; Javitt et al 1993; Catts et al 1995; Javitt et al 1995; Matsuoka et al 1996; Oades et al 1997; Alain et al 1998; Umbricht et al 1998; Kasai et al 1999; Kreitschmann-Andermahr et al 1999; Kreitschmann-Andermahr et al 2001; Pekkonen et al 2002; Park et al 2002; Shinozaki et al 2002; Light and Braff 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatosensory System Deficits in Schizophrenia Revealed by MEG during a Median-Nerve Oddball Task

et al. 2009

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Although impairments related to somatosensory perception are common in schizophrenia, they have rarely been examined in functional imaging studies. In the present study, magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to identify neural networks that support attention to somatosensory stimuli in healthy adults and abnormalities in these networks in patient with schizophrenia. A median-nerve oddball task was used to probe attention to somatosensory stimuli, and an advanced, high-resolution MEG source-imaging method was applied to assess activity throughout the brain. In nineteen healthy subjects, attention-related activation was seen in a sensorimotor network involving primary somatosensory (S1), secondary somatosensory (S2), primary motor (M1), pre-motor (PMA), and paracentral lobule (PCL) areas. A frontal–parietal–temporal “attention network”, containing dorsal- and ventral–lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC and VLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), superior parietal lobule (SPL), inferior parietal lobule (IPL)/supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and temporal lobe areas, was also activated. Seventeen individuals with schizophrenia showed early attention-related hyperactivations in S1 and M1 but hypo-activation in S1, S2, M1, and PMA at later latency in the sensorimotor network. Within this attention network, hypoactivation was found in SPL, DLPFC, orbitofrontal cortex, and the dorsal aspect of ACC. Hyperactivation was seen in SMG/IPL, frontal pole, and the ventral aspect of ACC in patients. These findings link attention-related somatosensory deficits to dysfunction in both sensorimotor and frontal–parietal–temporal networks in schizophrenia.

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Converging evidence for a cognitive anomaly in early psychopathology

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Cognitive Deficits in Depression and Functional Specificity of Regional Brain Activity

Cognitive Deficits in Depression and Functional Specificity of Regional Brain Activity

Dysfunction of Pre-Attentive Visual Information Processing in Drug-Naïve Women, But Not Men, During the Initial Episode of Major Depressive Disorder

Somatosensory System Deficits in Schizophrenia Revealed by MEG during a Median-Nerve Oddball Task

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