Converging drivers of interpersonal violence: Findings from a qualitative study in post-hurricane Haiti

Bermudez, Laura Gauer; Stark, Lindsay; Bennouna, Cyril; Jensen, Celina; Potts, Alina; Kaloga, Inah Fatoumata; Tilus, Ricardo; Buteau, Jean Emmanuel; Marsh, Mendy; Hoover, A W; Williams, Megan Laughlin

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.01.003

Cited by 40 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This increased their vulnerability to VAWG as they would not report or leave abusive partners. 60-62 64 65 68 For some survivors, enduring violence may be preferrable to losing the household's breadwinner, as this quote suggests 61 : I think this is the reason why women think twice before [reporting]. They see that they sentence the man for 10 years.…”

Section: Economic Insecuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, they don't make any complaints. (Male respondent; Bermudez et al 61 ,Haiti) Poverty also drove some women to engage in transactional sex, while some employers took advantage of desperate, job-seeking women with sexual coercion in Bangladesh, Haiti and Sri Lanka. 60 61 70 Across South Asia and Iran, studies confirmed that forced early marriage or labour of young girls increased due to postdisaster poverty.…”

Section: Economic Insecuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural hazards, disasters and violence against women and girls: a global mixed-methods systematic review

2021

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IntroductionDisasters triggered by climate and other natural hazards are increasing in frequency, severity and duration worldwide. Disasters disproportionately impact women and girls, with some evidence suggesting that violence against women and girls (VAWG) increases in disaster settings. Suggested risk factors for postdisaster VAWG include increased life stressors, failure of law enforcement, exposure to high-risk environments, exacerbation of existing gender inequalities and unequal social norms. We aim to systematically appraise the global literature on the association between disasters from natural hazards and VAWG.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review using the following databases: Embase, Global Health, Medline, PubMed and Social Policy and Practice and searched grey literature. We included quantitative, qualitative or mixed-methods studies published in English language that examined the association between disasters from natural hazards and VAWG. We summarised the findings using a narrative synthesis approach.ResultsOf 555 non-duplicate records, we included a total of 37 quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies. Among the quantitative studies, eight studies found a positive association between disaster exposure and increased VAWG, and four additional studies found positive associations with some violence types but not others. Qualitative findings offered insights into three hypothesised pathways: disaster exposure associated with (1) an increase of stressors that trigger VAWG; (2) an increase of enabling environments for VAWG and (3) an exacerbation of underlying drivers of VAWG.ConclusionAs the first known global systematic review on the relationship between disasters from natural hazards and VAWG, this review contributes to the evidence base. We were limited by the quality of quantitative studies, specifically study designs, the measurement of variables and geographic scope. The severe health consequences of VAWG and increasing frequency of extreme events means that rigorously designed and better quality studies are needed to inform evidence-based policies and safeguard women and girls during and after disasters.

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Section: Economic Insecuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economic Insecuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural hazards, disasters and violence against women and girls: a global mixed-methods systematic review

2021

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“…Once lifetime statistics are taken into consideration, this number rises to approximately one in three women experiencing DV during their lifetime (United Nations (UN), 2015; World Health Organization (WHO), 2013). Moreover, previous research has indicated that within the context of extreme events such as war, conflicts, disaster, and pandemic emergencies, there is an increase in the prevalence of IPV (Ali et al, 2011;Bermudez et al, 2019;Castañeda Camey et al, 2020;Garcia-Moreno et al, 2006;Gearhart et al, 2018;Kumar, 2020;Parkinson & Zara, 2013;Peterman et al, 2020;Schumacher et al, 2010;United Nations (UN), 2015). One of the latest extreme events being faced globally is the COVID-19 health emergency which has crossed international boundaries and constitutes a pandemic and has infected millions of people across the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic Violence in a COVID-19 Context: Exploring Emerging Issues through a Systematic Analysis of the Literature

Pentaraki¹,

Speake²

2020

JSS

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Extreme events, such as pandemics lead to a rise of domestic violence (DV) and create additional challenges for practice. The social work profession as well as many other professions works with women who have experienced DV and so it is important to be up-to-date with the emerging issues brought about by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this article is to identify emerging issues related to DV within the context of COVID-19. The article presents the results of a systematic literature search and analysis of DV within the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. A systematic search of 10 data bases was conducted. All articles in peer reviewed journals discussing DV in the context of COVID-19 were included. For the articles to be included they had to be written in the English language and to be included in peer reviewed journals between 1 January 2020 to 9 May 2020. Of the 413 articles initially recorded, 12 articles were identified which focused on DV. The analysis of the 12 identified articles offers some useful insights. It suggests that lockdown measures imposed by governments intensify perpetrators' power over survivors' lives, hence reinforcing gender inequality. Furthermore, it indicates that online provision of support might not be the most effective response in cases of DV and identifies appropriate emergency warning systems. Additionally, the risk of scapegoating COVID-19 for DV is identified. These insights are briefly discussed in relation to practice and policy responses.

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“…Many types of crises-be it disease outbreaks like the current one, severe economic downturns, or natural disasters-carry the risk of increasing domestic violence (Anastario et al 2009;Anderberg et al 2016;Bermudez et al 2019;Onyango et al 2019). To be effective during such crises, policy responses require the most current and reliable evidence on the scale of the problem.…”

Section: Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying domestic violence in times of crisis

Anderberg¹,

Rainer²,

Siuda³

2020

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Recent contributions using police recorded calls-for-service and/or crime data to estimate impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on the incidence of domestic violence (DV) have reported relatively modest effects. This may reflect a low reporting-propensity, exacerbated by the lockdown measures. Combining five years of daily Google Trends data for a set of DV-related search terms with daily data on DV crimes recorded by the London Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), we propose a method for generating a search-based DV-index, exploiting that both sets of data reflect the same inter-temporal variation in the (unobserved) DV incidence. Estimating the same model for the impact of lockdown on police-reported DV crimes and our search-based DV-index, we find a similar timing, but a substantially larger impact on the latter.

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Converging drivers of interpersonal violence: Findings from a qualitative study in post-hurricane Haiti

Cited by 40 publications

References 40 publications

Natural hazards, disasters and violence against women and girls: a global mixed-methods systematic review

Natural hazards, disasters and violence against women and girls: a global mixed-methods systematic review

Domestic Violence in a COVID-19 Context: Exploring Emerging Issues through a Systematic Analysis of the Literature

Quantifying domestic violence in times of crisis

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