Convergent technologies in science and innovations in Kazakhstan

Abstract

As soon as the economy of Kazakhstan is highly resource‐oriented despite numerous efforts to change the structure of the national economy, constant assessment of the scientific and innovation sphere of the country is actual and important. By way of qualitative, quantitative, comparative, and descriptive analysis 13 indicators related to science and innovations were investigated to define the level of scientific and innovative development in Kazakhstan. Science and innovation in Kazakhstan are under‐financed and state‐based financing of innovative activities seems to be ineffective, and the innovations are still unprofitable. The scientific human capital is affected by “brain drain,” when best graduates go into business or leave the country to build careers in better financial conditions. Eight indicators are found to be universal and comparable for various countries, and can be applied with the purpose of defining the level of scientific and innovative development of a country or countries. The results of the study can be applied by governmental officials for developing policies related to science and innovations. The methods, set of indicators, and findings of the study can be used by other researchers for investigating and comparing the level(s) of scientific and innovative development in other country or countries.

Incidence of Interorganizational Relations in the Performance of New Products: Mediating Effect of the Innovation Capacity and Technological Dynamism

“…Innovation capacity is defined as the willingness to participate in creativity and experimentation through the development of new products, services, or processes (Lumpkin & Dess, 1996) and the mechanism of placing new products or services on the market by improving their quality and adopting best business practices to achieve better performance (Alexiev et al, 2016;Tsai et al, 2013). Likewise, companies with superior innovation capacity can generate better performance of new products through the efficient management of their resources in innovative products (Najafi-Tavani et al, 2018;Sun & Lau, 2020;Issayeva et al, 2020).…”

The Research Environment in a Developing Economy: Reforms, Patterns, and Challenges in Kazakhstan

“…In particular, the promotion of researchers, based on the quality of their publications, the introduction of best researcher awards, and abolishing the candidate/doctor of science degree programs in favor of Ph.D. programs were some of the most crucial policies. Such policies enhanced publication quality and shaped the research environment towards internationalization [10][11][12].…”