Convergent synthesis of diversified reversible network leads to liquid metal-containing conductive hydrogel adhesives

Abstract

Many features of extracellular matrices, e.g., self-healing, adhesiveness, viscoelasticity, and conductivity, are associated with the intricate networks composed of many different covalent and non-covalent chemical bonds. Whereas a reductionism approach would have the limitation to fully recapitulate various biological properties with simple chemical structures, mimicking such sophisticated networks by incorporating many different functional groups in a macromolecular system is synthetically challenging. Herein, we propose a strategy of convergent synthesis of complex polymer networks to produce biomimetic electroconductive liquid metal hydrogels. Four precursors could be individually synthesized in one to two reaction steps and characterized, then assembled to form hydrogel adhesives. The convergent synthesis allows us to combine materials of different natures to generate matrices with high adhesive strength, enhanced electroconductivity, good cytocompatibility in vitro and high biocompatibility in vivo. The reversible networks exhibit self-healing and shear-thinning properties, thus allowing for 3D printing and minimally invasive injection for in vivo experiments.

3D-printed flexible supercapacitors with multi-level bonded configuration via ion cross-linking

“…4c). 49 As shown in Fig. 4d and S6, † by constructing a topological entanglement network at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte, a further increase of adhesive strength is measured for the CoC-M supercapacitor, demonstrating an adhesive strength of 844 kPa.…”

Stretchable Triboelectric Self‐Powered Sweat Sensor Fabricated from Self‐Healing Nanocellulose Hydrogels

“…The LVR zone expanded with increasing TOCNF/PANI content, indicating that the addition of TOCNF/PANI can enhance the shear‐thinning property of CPPH, which is conducive to self‐healing performance (Figure 3d). [ 25 ] An angular frequency analysis revealed that the storage modulus ( G′ ), loss modulus ( G′′ ), and complex modulus ( G* ) decreased in tandem with increasing TOCNF/PANI ratios (Figure 3e; Figure S4, Supporting Information). Except for CPPH‐1, the G′ of other hydrogels exceeded G′′ , and this difference gradually decreased, while the G′ of CPPH‐1 was smaller than G′′ before 9.2 rad s –1 (Figure 3e), indicating that TOCNF/PANI confers the CPPH dynamic cross‐linking network structure with flow‐like properties.…”

Injectable and Self-Healing Hydrogels with Double-Dynamic Bond Tunable Mechanical, Gel–Sol Transition and Drug Delivery Properties for Promoting Periodontium Regeneration in Periodontitis

“…HA (2 g) was first dissolved in 100 mL of MilliQ, and 0.5 M sodium (meta) periodate (NaIO 4 ) in MilliQ (3 mL) was then added dropwise added to the solution under continuous vigorous stirring of the mixture in the dark for 2 h at 25°C. The reaction was then terminated by adding 125 μL of glycerol for 1 h. The solution of oxidized HA was dialyzed (MWCO 10 000) against deionized water for 3 days.…”