Convergent Evolution of Mechanically Optimal Locomotion in Aquatic Invertebrates and Vertebrates

Bale, Rahul; Neveln, Izaak D.; Bhalla, Amneet Pal Singh; MacIver, Malcolm A.; Patankar, Neelesh A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002123

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In fact, the kinematics of how propulsors bend while moving to generate thrust are remarkably similar among most animals that swim or fly (Bale et al, 2015;Lucas et al, 2014). This suggests that the role that bending kinematics play in generating thrust is similar among swimming and flying animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

How the bending kinematics of swimming lampreys build negative pressure fields for suction thrust

Gemmell

Fogerson

Costello

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Swimming animals commonly bend their bodies to generate thrust. For undulating animals such as eels and lampreys, their bodies bend in the form of waves that travel from head to tail. These kinematics accelerate the flow of adjacent fluids, which alters the pressure field in a manner that generates thrust. We used a comparative approach to evaluate the cause-and-effect relationships in this process by quantifying the hydrodynamic effects of body kinematics at the body-fluid interface of the lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, during steady-state swimming. We compared the kinematics and hydrodynamics of healthy control lampreys to lampreys whose spinal cord had been transected midbody, resulting in passive kinematics along the posterior half of their body. Using high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) and a method for quantifying pressure fields, we detail how the active bending kinematics of the control lampreys were crucial for setting up strong negative pressure fields (relative to ambient fields) that generated highthrust regions at the bends as they traveled all along the body. The passive kinematics of the transected lamprey were only able to generate significant thrust at the tail, relying on positive pressure fields. These different pressure and thrust scenarios are due to differences in how active versus passive body waves generated and controlled vorticity. This demonstrates why it is more effective for undulating lampreys to pull, rather than push, themselves through the fluid.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

How the bending kinematics of swimming lampreys build negative pressure fields for suction thrust

Gemmell

Fogerson

Costello

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…2C) in proximity to siphonophores (Benfield et al, 2009) has provided evidence of their remarkable swimming ability, which may help them to manoeuvre when they steal food from these cnidarians, while ROV video of the dorsal fin undulations of the oarfish Regalecus glesne (Ascanius, 1772) ( Fig. 2D) has provided biomechanical insights into how these, and other species of fishes, use their fins as linear propellers (Bale et al, 2015).…”

Section: Q1 How Do Organisms Behave In Deep Water Environments?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eyes in the sea: Unlocking the mysteries of the ocean using industrial, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs)

Macreadie

McLean

Thomson

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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For thousands of years humankind has sought to explore our oceans. Evidence of this early intrigue dates back to 130,000BCE, but the advent of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) in the 1950s introduced technology that has had significant impact on ocean exploration. Today, ROVs play a critical role in both military (e.g. retrieving torpedoes and mines) and salvage operations (e.g. locating historic shipwrecks such as the RMS Titanic), and are crucial for oil and gas (O&G) exploration and operations. Industrial ROVs collect millions of observations of our oceans each year, fueling scientific discoveries. Herein, we assembled a group of international ROV experts from both academia and industry to reflect on these discoveries and, more importantly, to identify key questions relating to our oceans that can be supported using industry ROVs. From a long list, we narrowed down to the 10 most important questions in ocean science that we feel can be supported (whole or in part) by increasing access to industry ROVs, and collaborations with the companies that use them. The questions covered opportunity (e.g. what is the resource value of the oceans?) to the impacts of global change (e.g. which marine ecosystems are most sensitive to anthropogenic impact?). Looking ahead, we provide recommendations for how data collected by ROVs can be maximised by higher levels of collaboration between academia and industry, resulting in win-win outcomes. What is clear from this work is that the potential of industrial ROV technology in unravelling the mysteries of our oceans is only just beginning to be realised. This is particularly important as the oceans are subject to increasing impacts from global change and industrial exploitation. The coming decades will represent an important time for scientists to partner with industry that use ROVs in order to make the most of these 'eyes in the sea'.

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“…This approach was further extended by Griffith et al [6] to use adaptive mesh refinement. This methodology has enabled modeling in a number of application areas, including cardiac dynamics [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15], platelet adhesion [16], esophageal transport [17,18,19], heart development [20,21], insect flight [22,23], and undulatory swimming [24,25,26,27,28,29,30].…”

Section: Introduction and Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An immersed interface method for discrete surfaces

Kolahdouz

Bhalla

Craven

et al. 2020

Journal of Computational Physics

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Fluid-structure systems occur in a range of scientific and engineering applications. The immersed boundary (IB) method is a widely recognized and effective modeling paradigm for simulating fluidstructure interaction (FSI) in such systems, but a difficulty of the IB formulation of these problems is that the pressure and viscous stress are generally discontinuous at fluid-solid interfaces. The conventional IB method regularizes these discontinuities, which typically yields low-order accuracy at these interfaces. The immersed interface method (IIM) is an IB-like approach to FSI that sharply imposes stress jump conditions, enabling higher-order accuracy, but prior applications of the IIM have been largely restricted to numerical methods that rely on smooth representations of the interface geometry. This paper introduces an immersed interface formulation that uses only a C 0 representation of the immersed interface, such as those provided by standard nodal Lagrangian finite element methods. Verification examples for models with prescribed interface motion demonstrate that the method sharply resolves stress discontinuities along immersed boundaries while avoiding the need for analytic information about the interface geometry. Our results also demonstrate that only the lowest-order jump conditions for the pressure and velocity gradient are required to realize global second-order accuracy. Specifically, we demonstrate second-order global convergence rates along with nearly second-order local convergence in the Eulerian velocity field, and between first-and second-order global convergence rates along with approximately first-order local convergence for the Eulerian pressure field. We also demonstrate approximately second-order local convergence in the interfacial displacement and velocity along with first-order local convergence in the fluid traction along the interface. As a demonstration of the method's ability to tackle more complex geometries, the present approach is also used to simulate flow in a patient-averaged anatomical model of the inferior vena cava, which is the large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities back to the heart. Comparisons of the general hemodynamics and wall shear stress obtained by the present IIM and a body-fitted discretization approach show that the present method yields results that are in good agreement with those obtained by the body-fitted approach.

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Convergent Evolution of Mechanically Optimal Locomotion in Aquatic Invertebrates and Vertebrates

Cited by 45 publications

References 67 publications

How the bending kinematics of swimming lampreys build negative pressure fields for suction thrust

How the bending kinematics of swimming lampreys build negative pressure fields for suction thrust

Eyes in the sea: Unlocking the mysteries of the ocean using industrial, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs)

An immersed interface method for discrete surfaces

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