Convergent evolution of animal and microbial rhodopsins

Kojima, Keiichi; Sudo, Yuki

doi:10.1039/d2ra07073a

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(262 reference statements)

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“…While microbial and animal rhodopsins have a similar 7-transmembrane α-helical structure and use a retinal molecule as a chromophore [30], microbial rhodopsins have a broader range of apoprotein molecular structures compared to animal rhodopsins. Microbial rhodopsins comprise all-trans retinal via the protonated Schiff base linkage with a Lys residue positioned at helix G in the dark to absorb visible light [57].…”

Section: Rhodopsinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Control in Microbial Systems

Elahi,

Baker

2024

IJMS

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Light is a key environmental component influencing many biological processes, particularly in prokaryotes such as archaea and bacteria. Light control techniques have revolutionized precise manipulation at molecular and cellular levels in recent years. Bacteria, with adaptability and genetic tractability, are promising candidates for light control studies. This review investigates the mechanisms underlying light activation in bacteria and discusses recent advancements focusing on light control methods and techniques for controlling bacteria. We delve into the mechanisms by which bacteria sense and transduce light signals, including engineered photoreceptors and light-sensitive actuators, and various strategies employed to modulate gene expression, protein function, and bacterial motility. Furthermore, we highlight recent developments in light-integrated methods of controlling microbial responses, such as upconversion nanoparticles and optical tweezers, which can enhance the spatial and temporal control of bacteria and open new horizons for biomedical applications.

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Section: Rhodopsinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Control in Microbial Systems

Elahi,

Baker

2024

IJMS

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“…Opsin is a group of seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptors, mainly containing microbial and animal opsins, that covalently binds with a vitamin A based retinaldehyde chromophore. It can be activated by the light ranged from blue to red. ,− Dronpa can reverse between polymer state and monomer state under cyan light and violet light activation, respectively. , The light-sensitivity of cobalamin-binding domains (CBDs) can mediate the assembly of CarH tetramers in darkness, and dissociate into monomers under green-light. − Phytochromes are red or NIR light-sensitive signaling proteins with a broad superfamily such as Cph1, phyA, phyB, and BphP1. − These NIR-based optogenetic tools with excellent kinetic properties, hold great promise for remote control of mammalian signaling because of the better light penetration depth …”

Section: Development Of Optogeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-optogenetics for Disease Therapies

Lu,

Sun,

Liang

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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Optogenetic, known as the method of 21 centuries, combines optic and genetic engineering to precisely control photosensitive proteins for manipulation of a broad range of cellular functions, such as flux of ions, protein oligomerization and dissociation, cellular intercommunication, and so on. In this technique, light is conventionally delivered to targeted cells through optical fibers or micro light-emitting diodes, always suffering from high invasiveness, wide-field illumination facula, strong absorption, and scattering by nontargeted endogenous substance. Light-transducing nanomaterials with advantages of high spatiotemporal resolution, abundant wireless-excitation manners, and easy functionalization for recognition of specific cells, recently have been widely explored in the field of optogenetics; however, there remain a few challenges to restrain its clinical applications. This review summarized recent progress on light-responsive genetically encoded proteins and the myriad of activation strategies by use of light-transducing nanomaterials and their disease-treatment applications, which is expected for sparking helpful thought to push forward its preclinical and translational uses.

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“…An increase in the counterion pKa and, subsequently, enhancement of the fluorescence was also observed for the O intermediate of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle. The O intermediate arises at the last stage of the photocycle (Figure 3 and converts to the ground state of the protein on the timescale of ≈10 ms [65,66]. The main difference between the O intermediate and the ground state is the protonation state of two titratable groups-the D85 counterion and the proton release group [66] located close to the extracellular side of the protein that includes E194, E204, R82, Y83, and surrounding water molecules, as shown in Figure 4c.…”

Section: Fluorescence Properties Of Microbial Rhodopsinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence of the Retinal Chromophore in Microbial and Animal Rhodopsins

Nikolaev,

Shtyrov,

Vyazmin

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Fluorescence of the vast majority of natural opsin-based photoactive proteins is extremely low, in accordance with their functions that depend on efficient transduction of absorbed light energy. However, several recently proposed classes of engineered rhodopsins with enhanced fluorescence, along with the discovery of a new natural highly fluorescent rhodopsin, NeoR, opened a way to exploit these transmembrane proteins as fluorescent sensors and draw more attention to studies on this untypical rhodopsin property. Here, we review the available data on the fluorescence of the retinal chromophore in microbial and animal rhodopsins and their photocycle intermediates, as well as different isomers of the protonated retinal Schiff base in various solvents and the gas phase.

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Convergent evolution of animal and microbial rhodopsins

Abstract: Animal and microbial rhodopsins have common molecular properties (e.g. protein structure, retinal structure, color sensitivity, and photoreaction) while their functions are distinctively different (e.g. GPCRs versus and ion transporters).

Cited by 19 publications

References 142 publications

Light Control in Microbial Systems

Light Control in Microbial Systems

Nano-optogenetics for Disease Therapies

Fluorescence of the Retinal Chromophore in Microbial and Animal Rhodopsins

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