Abstract:We use scanning electron microscopy imaging to examine the shell microstructure of fossil and living species in five families of caenogastropods (Strombidae, Volutidae, Olividae, Pseudolividae, and Ancillariidae) to determine whether parallel or convergent evolution is responsible for the development of a unique caenogastropod trait, the extreme parietal callus (EPC). The EPC is defined as a substantial thickening of both the spire callus and the callus on the ventral shell surface such that it covers 50% or m… Show more
“…Figure 2 shows the geological context and stratigraphic ranges of the species discussed here. We also discuss one species from the Eocene of France and the U.K., which we conclude is closely related to Coastal Plain species previously assigned to “ Bullia .” The expanded calluses on the shells of some of the species discussed here make them almost spherical, and recently have been analyzed as examples of homoplasy (convergence and parallelism); the phylogenetic analysis presented here supports those conclusions (Pietsch et al, 2021). Figure 2.Paleocene and Eocene stratigraphic units in the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain (based on Garvie, 2013; Dockery and Thompson, 2016; Garvie et al, 2020) and stratigraphic ranges of the species discussed in this paper.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 81%
“…The shell of Olivoidea (Fig. 4) is callused to different degrees, the functional significance and mode of formation of which remain poorly understood (Kantor et al, 2017, p. 519; Pietsch et al, 2021), and this has been described in numerous ways. Sometimes the callus is limited to the inner (parietal) wall of the aperture, but often it extends adapically, sometimes reaching or covering most or all of the spire, leaving only the protoconch and a part of the body whorl exposed.…”
Section: Biology Shell Morphology and Systematic Charactersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Extensive posterior body whorl callus on subsequent whorls may then overlie spire callus of previous whorls. “Extreme parietal callus” (EPC) refers to the condition in which callus covers >50% of the ventral surface of the body whorl, which occurs on both olivoid and non-olivoid gastropods (Pietsch et al, 2021). Figure 4.Shell morphological terminology used in this paper.…”
Section: Biology Shell Morphology and Systematic Charactersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One of the most conspicuous characteristics of these forms is the greatly expanded parietal callus on adult individuals, frequently extending over the apex giving the shells an almost spherical overall shape (see Pietsch et al, 2021) (e.g., Figs. 8, 9).…”
Numerous species of “oliviform” gastropods have been recognized in the Paleogene of the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain, many of which have previously been allied to the “Bullia group” in the family Nassariidae, and placed in a variety of poorly defined genera. We review these species, revise their generic and familial placement, and present a phylogenetic analysis. Of 19 species considered valid, all are assigned to Olivoidea, six to Olividae—one to Oliva, five to Agaronia—and the rest to Ancillariidae. The highly variable species Ancillaria altile Conrad is referred in the genus Ancillopsis and appears to have evolved anagenetically over an interval of perhaps 20 million years. Ancillaria tenera Conrad and Ancillaria scamba Conrad are placed in the new genus Palmoliva. Monoptygma Lea is demonstrated to belong to Ancillariidae, and to contain only a single species. Specimens assigned to Lisbonia expansa Palmer are split into adults assigned to Ancillopsis altilis and juveniles (together with several other species) in the long-lived species Anbullina elliptica (Whitfield). Coastal Plain ancillariids may have evolved from one or more species of the Cretaceous–Paleocene genus Eoancilla. We agree with previous authors who have suggested that the late Eocene species Oliva mississippiensis Conrad is the earliest known representative of this genus and the subfamily Oliviinae, perhaps derived from a species of Agaronia. The oldest Agaronia is lower Eocene (Ypresian).UUID: http://zoobank.org/b7d9f79b-c68b-4385-aba3-bb07c6d6dc87
“…Figure 2 shows the geological context and stratigraphic ranges of the species discussed here. We also discuss one species from the Eocene of France and the U.K., which we conclude is closely related to Coastal Plain species previously assigned to “ Bullia .” The expanded calluses on the shells of some of the species discussed here make them almost spherical, and recently have been analyzed as examples of homoplasy (convergence and parallelism); the phylogenetic analysis presented here supports those conclusions (Pietsch et al, 2021). Figure 2.Paleocene and Eocene stratigraphic units in the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain (based on Garvie, 2013; Dockery and Thompson, 2016; Garvie et al, 2020) and stratigraphic ranges of the species discussed in this paper.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 81%
“…The shell of Olivoidea (Fig. 4) is callused to different degrees, the functional significance and mode of formation of which remain poorly understood (Kantor et al, 2017, p. 519; Pietsch et al, 2021), and this has been described in numerous ways. Sometimes the callus is limited to the inner (parietal) wall of the aperture, but often it extends adapically, sometimes reaching or covering most or all of the spire, leaving only the protoconch and a part of the body whorl exposed.…”
Section: Biology Shell Morphology and Systematic Charactersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Extensive posterior body whorl callus on subsequent whorls may then overlie spire callus of previous whorls. “Extreme parietal callus” (EPC) refers to the condition in which callus covers >50% of the ventral surface of the body whorl, which occurs on both olivoid and non-olivoid gastropods (Pietsch et al, 2021). Figure 4.Shell morphological terminology used in this paper.…”
Section: Biology Shell Morphology and Systematic Charactersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One of the most conspicuous characteristics of these forms is the greatly expanded parietal callus on adult individuals, frequently extending over the apex giving the shells an almost spherical overall shape (see Pietsch et al, 2021) (e.g., Figs. 8, 9).…”
Numerous species of “oliviform” gastropods have been recognized in the Paleogene of the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain, many of which have previously been allied to the “Bullia group” in the family Nassariidae, and placed in a variety of poorly defined genera. We review these species, revise their generic and familial placement, and present a phylogenetic analysis. Of 19 species considered valid, all are assigned to Olivoidea, six to Olividae—one to Oliva, five to Agaronia—and the rest to Ancillariidae. The highly variable species Ancillaria altile Conrad is referred in the genus Ancillopsis and appears to have evolved anagenetically over an interval of perhaps 20 million years. Ancillaria tenera Conrad and Ancillaria scamba Conrad are placed in the new genus Palmoliva. Monoptygma Lea is demonstrated to belong to Ancillariidae, and to contain only a single species. Specimens assigned to Lisbonia expansa Palmer are split into adults assigned to Ancillopsis altilis and juveniles (together with several other species) in the long-lived species Anbullina elliptica (Whitfield). Coastal Plain ancillariids may have evolved from one or more species of the Cretaceous–Paleocene genus Eoancilla. We agree with previous authors who have suggested that the late Eocene species Oliva mississippiensis Conrad is the earliest known representative of this genus and the subfamily Oliviinae, perhaps derived from a species of Agaronia. The oldest Agaronia is lower Eocene (Ypresian).UUID: http://zoobank.org/b7d9f79b-c68b-4385-aba3-bb07c6d6dc87
“…The final set comprises two papers that incorporate aspects of evolutionary developmental biology (Raff 2000; Hall 2003; Müller 2007; de Robertis 2008) and its extension, ecological evolutionary developmental biology (Gilbert et al 2015), to determine the underlying biological processes leading to morphological change and the role of ecological pressure as a mediating factor. Pietsch et al (2021) study the evolution of the extreme parietal sinus of gastropods, using shell microstructure and growth patterns to show that the convergent evolution of this feature within some groups may be due to parallelism. Finally, Lamsdell (2021) presents a novel method for quantifying heterochronic trends within evolutionary lineages and applies it to xiphosuran arthropods, exploring patterns of paedomorphosis and peramorphosis in relation to shifts in ecological occupation.…”
The burgeoning field of phylogenetic paleoecology (Lamsdell et al. 2017) represents a synthesis of the related but differently focused fields of macroecology (Brown 1995) and macroevolution (Stanley 1975). Through a combination of the data and methods of both disciplines, phylogenetic paleoecology leverages phylogenetic theory and quantitative paleoecology to explain the temporal and spatial variation in species diversity, distribution, and disparity. Phylogenetic paleoecology is ideally situated to elucidate many fundamental issues in evolutionary biology, including the generation of new phenotypes and occupation of previously unexploited environments; the nature of relationships among character change, ecology, and evolutionary rates; determinants of the geographic distribution of species and clades; and the underlying phylogenetic signal of ecological selectivity in extinctions and radiations. This is because phylogenetic paleoecology explicitly recognizes and incorporates the quasi-independent nature of evolutionary and ecological data as expressed in the dual biological hierarchies (Eldredge and Salthe 1984; Congreve et al. 2018; Fig. 1), incorporating both as covarying factors rather than focusing on one and treating the other as error within the dataset.
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