Convergence of the backward/forward sweep method for the load-flow analysis of radial distribution systems

Bompard, Ettore; Carpaneto, Enrico; Chicco, Gianfranco; Napoli, Roberto

doi:10.1016/s0142-0615(00)00009-0

Cited by 143 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For each i-th node, let us define path(i) as the ordered list of the nodes encountered starting from the root (not included in the list) and moving Fig. 1 The representation of the tested electrical network (ETAP 12.5) to its i-th node [4]. Furthermore, each node belongs to a layer [5], which represents the position of the node in the network.…”

Section: Network Structure and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Dispersed Power Generation

Serițan

Porumb

Cepișcă

et al. 2016

Electricity Distribution

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Current paper deals with three main issues, regarding the operation of the electric power systems in the presence of distributed generation. The first issue regards the assessment of the main continuity of supply parameters, such as frequency of interruptions, duration of interruption, power not served and energy no served. This issues are the base guidelines for the network system operators' decision of building new distributed generation capacities which might be able to mitigate the electric network loss of operation. The second issue addressed was the consume variability of the various low-voltage consumers. This particularity, in conjunction with the sheer number of consumers leads to the creation of serious unbalance for the daily curve. This means that if the network system operator cannot contain the load variability, it must buy energy from intraday energy market, with a price decisively higher than the one of the reserved capacity. This issue leads to a two-fold necessity: implementing a better know-how system in order to better contain the customers load fluctuation and the necessity of distributed generation implementation, in order to help load shedding. The third issue regards general technical aspects with respect to the electrical distribution systems operation in the presence of distributed generation.

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Section: Network Structure and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Dispersed Power Generation

Serițan

Porumb

Cepișcă

et al. 2016

Electricity Distribution

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“…Let us consider a radial network, as in Figure 2.the backward/forward sweep method for the powerflow computation is an iterative method in which, at each iteration, some computational stages are performed [26]: …”

Section: Power Flow Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on solving the optimal sizing and siting of distributed generation

Wang¹

2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Abstract. In this paper, a distributed network planning model is proposed with the goal of minimizing the sum of distributed power investment cost, network loss and interruption cost .In order to compare the performance of differential evolution algorithm (DE) and genetic algorithm (GA) in solving the optimal sizing and siting of distributed generation in distribution networks, the two algorithms were adopted to optimize the capacities and positions of DGs. Through analysis on a 10-bus test system, the study results show that the proposed model and algorithm can get reasonable planning scheme. And in solving simple optimization problems, both GA and DE Algorithms can get good results, but compare to DE, GA is of slow convergence speed and the convergence process is not quite stable. IntroductionThe optimal access problems of the distributed power, as a tool to promote the development of intelligent power grid, are gaining more and more attention from experts and scholars [1][2]. Distributed generation(DG)，a supplement to centralized generation, mainly includes wind power and solar power, small hydropower and miniature gas turbine, etc [3][4] .The combination of distributed generation and centralized generation can leverage their advantages .In fact, if DG is properly placed in a distribution network, it can reduce distributed power investments power losses and interruption cost for network enforcing. But, if it is not correctly applied, it can cause degradation of power quality and reliability , increase in system losses and costs [5] .The problem of DG sizing and siting is of great importance ,for that reason, optimization methods capable of indicating the best solution for a given distribution network have been extensively studied [6][7].So far, many methods for solving the problem of DG optimization exist in literature. Examples of those methods include Lagrange multiplier [8], genetic algorithm [9], the improved differential evolution algorithm [10], tabu search algorithm [11] and etc. Also, definitions of optimization vary among authors' opinions. The objectives can be the minimization of the system operation cost [8], maximization of the benefit/cost ratio [9], or minimization of network loss [11].Differential evolution algorithm (DE) and genetic algorithm (GA) are presented in this paper as the optimization techniques for the sizing and siting of DG in distribution network .In order to reduce cost in distribution network, distribution network planning model based on distributed power investment cost, network loss and the interruption cost is developed. Section 4 presents a brief introduction about load flow calculation issues. At last, an IEEE 10-bus application system is used to test our model, and the study results show that the proposed model and algorithms can get reasonable planning scheme, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two algorithms are discussed.

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“…These have been divided in two main categories: 1) those requiring derivatives (Newton-Raphson, fast decoupled load flow, and similar); and 2) those that are not built upon Jacobian definitions, but only use basic circuit laws [backward/forward sweep (BFS) methods and others based on node equivalents] [10], [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Backward/Forward Sweep Algorithm for Solving Load Power Flows in AC Droop-Regulated Microgrids

Díaz

Gómez‐Aleixandre

Coto

2016

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

121

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Abstract-We propose an algorithm capable of solving the load power flow problem in ac droop-regulated microgrids. Based on radial distribution networks, these systems lack a slack bus for facilitating the computation by means of conventional methods. Rather than having the stiff bus that provides a voltage reference and supplies the necessary power, the voltage and power regulation must be shared among the distributed resources as a function of their frequency and voltage droop functions. The proposed algorithm is based on the well-known backward/forward sweep algorithm, conventionally employed to solve grid-connected radial load power flows, with the interesting property that they are derivative-free. We have expanded the algorithm to cope with the lack of slack bus. In this paper, we show the theoretical foundation and provide some tests with ex-post computations to investigate the coherence of the results.Index Terms-Backward/forward sweep (BFS), droop, load power flow, microgrids.

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Convergence of the backward/forward sweep method for the load-flow analysis of radial distribution systems

Cited by 143 publications

References 8 publications

Integration of Dispersed Power Generation

Integration of Dispersed Power Generation

Research on solving the optimal sizing and siting of distributed generation

Direct Backward/Forward Sweep Algorithm for Solving Load Power Flows in AC Droop-Regulated Microgrids

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