Convergence More or Less: Why Do Practices Vary as They Diffuse?

Klingler-Vidra, Robyn; Schleifer, Philip

doi:10.1111/misr.12137

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This alliance can also be seen as a counterbalance to UNASUR in the region, deepening the fragmentary pattern that is the outcome of the diffusion of North–South PTAs. In this sense, I agree with Klingler‐Vidra and Schleifer () that convergence can be expected when a single‐source diffusion process takes place; however, when diffusion processes involve multiple and competitive sources as in this case, two sources can lead to polarization as adopters converge to one of the two alternative nodes, as has happened between the United States and Brazil in the Western Hemisphere.…”

Section: Us Driven Ptas Vis‐à‐vis Brazil and Mercosur Subregional Intsupporting

confidence: 83%

Competitive Diffusion of Trade Agreements in Latin America

Quiliconi

2014

Int Stud Rev

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Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have rapidly proliferated in Latin America since the 2000s; this paper examines the factors which have facilitated or hampered their diffusion. The paper argues that the diffusion of PTAs, and resistance against them, has resulted in two alternative trade‐integration models. On one hand, there is diffusion of US‐led neoliberal North–South PTAs in Central American and Latin American countries (LACs) on the Pacific Basin. On the other hand, the reinforcement of post‐liberal regionalism led by Brazil and MERCOSUR countries has acted as a firewall of resistance to the diffusion of US‐led PTAs and their neoliberal policies. This paper first discusses how the competitive diffusion of US‐led PTAs started in Latin America. It then analyzes two intertwined dynamics (international‐regional and institutional‐domestic) that explain why US‐led PTAs have proliferated in the region. The third section explores MERCOSUR's reactions to the US competitive PTA diffusion and also how Brazilian leadership has evolved in the South American subregion to encircle US diffusion of PTAs, leading to an outcome of two different patterns of integration in Latin America.

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Section: Us Driven Ptas Vis‐à‐vis Brazil and Mercosur Subregional Intsupporting

confidence: 83%

Competitive Diffusion of Trade Agreements in Latin America

Quiliconi

2014

Int Stud Rev

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“…A third useful function is that of providing arenas for diffusion of policy ideas and (best) practices. Informal learning from frontrunners often provides delegates from other countries with ideas they can introduce at home, often adjusted for local circumstances (Rietig 2014, Klingler-Vidra & Schleifer 2014. Finally, for some delegates long involved in the negotiations, time and energy invested -and cooperative relations established with delegates from other countries -will likely generate private stakes in having the UNFCCC succeed.…”

Section: Regime Outputs: Regulations and Incentive Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and International Relations (After Kyoto)

Underdal

2017

Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci.

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This review “diagnoses” climate change as an international governance challenge and explores the political feasibility of alternative “cures.” Human activities’ growing effect on Earth's climate system is extremely challenging, characterized by, inter alia, very long time lags between mitigation measures (∼costs) and environmental effects (∼benefits) and by stark asymmetries between “guilt” in causing the problem and vulnerability to climate change. Two main cures have been suggested. Some analysts argue that because climate change is a global process, adequate solutions must likewise be global. Others shift attention from the challenge's format to the sources of human motivation, arguing that a decentralized (bottom-up) approach will more directly engage a wider spectrum of motivations and actors. These cures are neither mutually exclusive nor easily combined. IR research contributes more to the former cure than to the latter but can play a constructive role in linking them.

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“…With this as background, Taiwan's senior policymakers, most notably "father of Taiwan's economic miracle" K.T. Li, took a trip to Silicon Valley, Boston's Route 128 and Japan in 1981 to learn about VC (Klingler-Vidra, 2014;Kenney et al, 2002).…”

Section: The Transformative Role Of Contextual Rationalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion and adaptation: why even the Silicon Valley model is adapted as it diffuses to East Asia

Klingler-Vidra¹

2015

The Pacific Review

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Diffusion scholarship expects little adaptation of core elements of policy models. However, the empirical reality is different; diffusion of even highly-regarded models, such as the Silicon Valley venture capital (VC) policy model, results in marked adaptation of the source model. This article asks: why does variance, rather than convergence, characterize the diffusion of the Silicon Valley VC model? The answer to this question lies in conceptualizing policymakers as rational in light of their normative context rather than as wholly rational or bounded learners. I demonstrate why and how the Silicon Valley VC model is necessarily adapted by "contextually rational" policymakers in the geographically, ethnically and economically proximate states of Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. I find that policymakers' interventionist orientations, private sector financing preferences and international versus domestic firm promotion biases drive contextually rational -and unique -adaptations of the Silicon Valley VC policy model. Policymakers' norms are central to shaping how the model is translated into local policy action, meaning we can, and should, expect adaptation as a result of diffusion.

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Convergence More or Less: Why Do Practices Vary as They Diffuse?

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Competitive Diffusion of Trade Agreements in Latin America

Competitive Diffusion of Trade Agreements in Latin America

Climate Change and International Relations (After Kyoto)

Diffusion and adaptation: why even the Silicon Valley model is adapted as it diffuses to East Asia

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