Convergence Insufficiency

Daum, Kent M.

doi:10.1097/00006324-198401000-00003

Cited by 64 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…3,4,[7][8][9]12 In contrast, symptoms documented in the present study deviated from those reported previously. The probable cause for this discrepancy is that different criteria were used for patient recruitment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Unilateral recession–resection in children with exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type

2005

Eye

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The surgical success rates for intermittent exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type have been reported to be variable, and most were studied retrospectively in adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the long-term surgical results of unilateral lateral rectus (LR) muscle recession and medial rectus (MR) muscle resection in children with intermittent exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type. Methods A total of 14 children with intermittent exotropia greater at near than at distance by 10 prism diopters (PD) or more were included in this prospective study. The amounts of resection and recession were based on near and distance deviation, respectively. Minimum follow-up was 1 year (mean 26.6 months; range, 12-68 months) after surgery. The paired t-test was used to compare preoperative and postoperative measurements of the angle of deviation at distance and near, near-distance difference. Results Significant postoperative reduction was achieved in terms of mean distance exodeviation, from 22.5 PD to 9.1 PD (P ¼ 0.000), and mean near exodeviation from 33.8 PD to 13.6 PD (P ¼ 0.000). Mean neardistance difference reduced from 11.3 PD preoperatively to 4.6 PD postoperatively (P ¼ 0.000). Fresnel prism was used temporarily to treat postoperative esotropia in only one patient for postoperative 6 months. Conclusions Unilateral surgery biased to MR strengthening more than LR weakening in children with intermittent exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type, was found to successfully reduce both distance and near deviation and to collapse near-distance differences with a low risk of long-term postoperative esotropia.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Unilateral recession–resection in children with exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type

2005

Eye

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the 3D viewing, exo-or eso-vergence can also be required more accurately than in real viewing to make stereoscopic images. Binocular dysfunctions, which the eyes cannot come together easily, can induce asthenopia not only in real 3D viewing [13,14] but also in 3D display viewing. viewing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular Vision Corrective Spectacle Lenses Reduce Visual Fatigue in 3-D Television Viewing

Yoon¹,

Kim²

2014

Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

································································································································································································································Purpose: Three-dimensional (3D) displays are very useful in many fields, but induce physical discomforts in some people. This study is to assess symptom type and severity of asthenopia with their habitual distance corrective spectacle (HDCS) and their binocular vision corrective spectacle lenses (BVCSL) in people who feel physical discomforts. Methods: 35 adult subjects (ages 32.2±4.4 yrs) were pre-screened out of 98 individuals to have the highest symptom/asthenopia scores following 65 minutes of 3D television viewing with HDCS. These 35 individuals were then retested symptom/asthenopia scores during they watched 3D television for 65 minutes at a distance of 2.7 m with wearing BVCSL of horizontal, vertical or base down yoked prisms. A 4-point symptomrating scale questionnaire (0=no symptom and 3=severe) was used to assess 11 symptoms (e.g., blur, diplopia, etc.) related to visual fatigue/visual discomfort. Distance and near lateral phoria were measured using Howell phoria card and vertical phoria were measured using Maddox rod. Symptoms induced by watching 3D TV were compared between wearing HDCS and BVCSL. Results: Asthenopia in watching 3D TV with wearing BVCS was significantly lower than wearing HDCS at 5, 25, 45, and 65 minutes (all p < 0.001, paired t-tests). In only refractive error power correction power group, all asthenopia was not significantly different between HDCS and BVCSL (all p ≥ 0.05, paired t-tests). In prism correction groups for binocular imbalance, symptoms of asthenopia, however, was significantly lower for when wearing BVCSL than when wearing HDCS (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Correction of phoria/vergence-based binocular vision imbalance can reduce asthenopia during 3D television viewing. An individual with binocular vision imbalance need corrected/compensated glasses with appropriate prisms prior to prolonged viewing of 3D television displays to reduce asthenopia/visual fatigue.

show abstract

“…CI is characterized by an individual's inability to maintain effortless binocular convergence while performing near visual tasks [16]. Symptoms commonly associated with CI include but are not limited to frontal headaches, blurred vision, double vision, eye strain and reading problems [25], [26]. Typically, treatment for CI relies on exercises that require repeated convergence of the eyes.…”

Section: Stereoscopic Computer Games For Vision Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer gaming for vision therapy

Carvelho

Allison

Irving

et al. 2008

2008 Virtual Rehabilitation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Convergence insufficiency is characterized by an inability to maintain effortless alignment of the two eyes (binocular convergence) while performing near tasks. Conventional rehabilitative vision therapy for the condition is monotonous and dull, leading to low levels of compliance. If the therapy is not performed then improvements in the condition are unlikely. This paper examines the use of computer games as a new delivery paradigm for vision therapy, specifically at how they can be used in the treatment of convergence insufficiency while at home. A game was created and tested in a small scale clinical trial. Results show clinical improvements, as well as high levels of compliance and motivation. Additionally, the game was able to objectively track patient progress and compliance.

show abstract

Convergence Insufficiency

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

Unilateral recession–resection in children with exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type

Unilateral recession–resection in children with exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type

Binocular Vision Corrective Spectacle Lenses Reduce Visual Fatigue in 3-D Television Viewing

Computer gaming for vision therapy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About