Conventional hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) air heating collectors: steady-state simulation

A review of solar collectors and thermal energy storage in solar thermal applications

“…3) for the case of air collectors [44,45]. The use of low concentration non-imaging optics with PVT has also received some attention [46,47].…”

A review of performance hybrid photovoltaic/thermal system for general - applications

“…The first one is obvious to imagine the collector is covered and the second is to study the PV modules which can be stable at high temperature [23]. 8 Figure 2. The PV cell temperature and efficiency evolutions [22] …”

“…This system contributes to reduction of environmental problems by reduce CO2 emissions are needed in houses and buildings and concentrate on use renewable energy that should be more actively [3], the amount of energy that produce from hybrid PV/T system depend on the photovoltaic which convert only a small part of the absorbed solar radiation into electricity and type of solar cells use, where the greater part of solar radiation converted into heat and that lead to increasing their temperature and decreasing their electrical efficiency [4], Hybrid PV/T system produces electricity and heat (air or water preheating), that will contribute to improve efficiency of PV(/T) modules by extracting the heat loose by using (air or water) as a removal fluid and take this advantage for using in many applications [5]. Several study have been done about using air or water PV/T systems some of research found that use water systems seem desirable because of the nature of this fluid allowing better recovery of the heat [6], while other researches find that the results from an applied air type PV/T system gives a variety of results regarding the effect of design module and operational parameters on the performance of air type PV/T systems [7,8], where can use the air to cool the surface temperature of the PV panel after pick up the surface heat which can use for household application, drying and other industrial purposes [9]. To ensure solar cell operate at low temperature and keep the PV module efficiency at a sufficient level, where used natural or forced (air or water) circulation as a simple method to remove heat from PV modules, but this method is less effective, especially if the ambient temperature is more than 20ºC, to overcome that can be extracted the heat by circulating (air or water) through a heat exchanger that is mounted at the back surface of the PV module.…”

Effect of Air Channel Depth and Mass Flow Rate on the Efficiency of Hybrid Thermal - Photovoltaic Sensor

“…To provide domestic hot water Flor schuetz and all analyze the performance of the hybrid solar system with the hotel-Whillier model [2]. Garg and all have developed a stable model to simulate the performance of thermal-photovoltaic hybrid system [3]. In the recent years much research has been reported in the literature on new solar thermal systems with lower costs [4][5][6][7].…”