“…It is a byproduct of fuel combustion that is captured and collected by electrostatic precipitators or filter bags (or both) located at the place where furnace exhaust gases exist. The collected ashes are stored compactly until they are moved to a different place [10][11][12][13][14]. This article aims to find out whether substituting volcanic ash for cement works and how oak ash affects concrete, and finally, it aims to introduce a better concrete design [15][16][17][18][19].…”