Conventional and molecular methods used in the detection and subtyping of Yersinia enterocolitica in food

A comprehensive review on the prevalence, pathogenesis and detection ofYersinia enterocolitica

“…Although three different chromogenic media, namely, Y. enterocolitica chromogenic medium (YeCM), Y. enterocolitica agar-selective chromogenic medium (YECA) and CHROMAgar (CAY) have also been developed for use in diagnostic and clinical laboratories, it was observed that CIN Agar modied with L-arginine, ferric ammonium citrate, sodium thiosulfate and DL-phenylalanine had better identication ability for Y. enterocolitica over other bacteria in food samples. 7,40,[45][46][47] Importantly, the ISO method for food samples (ISO 10273:2003) also includes the use of the PBS broth, ITC broth for pre-concentration, and CIN for plating. 48 Similarly, other developed methods, such as NMKL method No-117, NCFA, BAM-U.S. FDA, indicated the cold enrichment of Y. enterocolitica on PSB and MRB.…”

“…[4][5][6] The CDC estimates about 1 177 000 cases of Yersiniosis annually in the US caused by Y. enterocolitica infections, and 90% of these are foodborne. 7,8 The diverse geographical distribution is the primary cause of the global epidemic of Yersiniosis, 1,9 as shown in Fig. 1.…”

Application of molecular tools to elucidate the microbiota of seafood

“…However, traditional microbiology presents certain disadvantages, such as slow results, since some microorganisms require days or even weeks to be cultivated (Dwivedi and Jaykus 2011;Fusco and Quero 2014;Law et al 2015b;Zhang et al 2015;Petsios et al 2016;Lee et al 2017a;Rohde et al 2017). In addition, it displays difficulty in detecting the presence of the micro-organisms when they are present in low concentrations.…”

Draft Genome Sequences of Four Yersinia enterocolitica Strains, Isolated from Wild Ungulate Carcasses

“…Based on their biochemical properties, pathogenic strains of virulent Y. enterocolitica spp. can mainly be differentiated from nonvirulent ones (5, 6). The strains presented here were isolated originally from the carcasses of three wild boars and one fallow deer and were biochemically typed: two of them were identified as 1B (highly virulent), and two were identified as 1A (nonvirulent).…”