Conventional and Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis and Application of Functional Materials: A Review

Abstract

With the continuous development and progress of materials science, increasingly more attention has been paid to the new technology of powder synthesis and material preparation. The hydrothermal method is a promising liquid phase preparation technology that has developed rapidly during recent years. It is widely used in many fields, such as the piezoelectric, ferroelectric, ceramic powder, and oxide film fields. The hydrothermal method has resulted in many new methods during the long-term research process, such as adding other force fields to the hydrothermal condition reaction system. These force fields mainly include direct current, electric, magnetic (autoclaves composed of non-ferroelectric materials), and microwave fields. Among them, the microwave hydrothermal method, as an extension of the hydrothermal reaction, cleverly uses the microwave temperature to compensate for the lack of temperature in the hydrothermal method, allowing better practical application. This paper reviews the development of the hydrothermal and microwave hydrothermal methods, introduces their reaction mechanisms, and focuses on the practical application of the two methods.

Mechanochemical and microwave treatment of precipitated zirconium dioxide and study of its physical–chemical, thermal and photocatalytic properties

“…This was exemplarily confirmed using oxides and phosphates [19][20][21][22]. Moreover, the efficiency of MWT and MChT application for regulation of physical-chemical properties of other semiconductor oxides was demonstrated in the studies [20,[23][24][25][26]. The analysis of the literature data shows that oxides with different characteristics and improved photocatalytic and adsorption properties can be obtained by varying the treatment conditions.…”

A review on MnZn ferrites: Synthesis, characterization and applications

“…Microwave hydrothermal method is beneficial as it has very fast heating rates to allow generation of uniform nanomaterials with fine particle size distribution. Hence, this is faster cleaner and economical method as compared to traditional hydrothermal method [178]. Praveena were dissolved in 50ml de-ionized water.…”

Reviewing recently developed technologies to direct cell activity through the control of pore size: From the macro‐ to the nanoscale

“…The authors fabricated the nanoporous architecture by a bottom‐up hydrothermal method using the fluorine‐doped tin oxide coated glass as substrate (Zhou et al, ). This fabrication technique involves the use of high temperature (400°C) and pressure for growing single crystals from an aqueous solution (Yang & Park, ). The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images showed the MoS 2 nanoflakes created a lattice spacing with a pore size of 0.63 nm.…”