Conveniently Accessible Polymer Nanoparticles of Adjustable Polarity

Korthals, Brigitte; Morant‐Miñana, Maria C.; Hohberger, Christiane; Mecking, Stefan

doi:10.1021/la9013224

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Consequently, a large variety of functionalization reactions of polybutadiene have been reported, e.g., hydroformylation, aminomethylation, hydrosilylation, oxidation, epoxidation, or hydroboration . Most of these modifications were studied in solution in organic solvents, but hydrogenation and hydroformylation of aqueous dispersions of polybutadiene nanoparticles have also been demonstrated …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Polymer Nanoparticles by Thiol−Ene Addition

et al. 2010

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Syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene nanoparticles (volume average diameter 13 nm) were functionalized in aqueous dispersion by free radical mercaptan addition. By appropriate choice of both watersoluble radical initiator and mercaptan concentration, nanoparticles with a degree of functionalization of up to 85% were prepared using 3-mercaptopropionic acid methyl ester and 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Only a minor portion of double bonds formed cycles instead of the desired thiol-ene addition products. The composition and structure of the nanoparticles were elucidated by combination of elemental analysis, NMR, IR, DLS, and TEM. Highly hydrophilic mercaptans (3-mercaptopropanesulfonic acid sodium salts), in contrast, only reacted with surface accessible double bonds to afford stable and redispersible nanoparticles solely stabilized with covalently bound moieties on their surface. Analogous grafting of the tripeptide glutathione was demonstrated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Polymer Nanoparticles by Thiol−Ene Addition

et al. 2010

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“…This strategy also suffers from some limitations, as the need of working in polymer solutions which may be a challenge in some cases due to the low solubility of the macromolecules, thus requiring high temperatures or providing low concentration solutions. Alternative tactics are based on surface postpolymerization reaction where the polymer is not solubilized but forming dispersions . Current noncatalytically commercial applications of postpolymerization processes are radical reactions or ozone surface treatments, which show high efficiency. ,, However, those reactions rely on nonselective reagents and very harsh conditions that result in scission or cross-linking of the polymer chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternative tactics are based on surface postpolymerization reaction where the polymer is not solubilized but forming dispersions. 14 Current noncatalytically commercial applications of postpoly- merization processes are radical reactions or ozone surface treatments, which show high efficiency. 8,15,16 However, those reactions rely on nonselective reagents and very harsh conditions that result in scission or cross-linking of the polymer chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-Catalyzed Postpolymerization Strategies for Polar Group Incorporation into Polyolefins Containing C–C, C═C, and Aromatic Rings

2021

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Polymeric materials bearing polar groups constitute a class of macromolecules with interest in a number of uses. Because the direct synthesis employing polymerization strategies from polar monomers is very often precluded by catalyst poisoning or uncontrolled side reactions, the alternative postpolymerization route consisting in modifying a previously prepared polymer is continuously progressing. However, such a posteriori modification depends on the existence of potential reaction sites in the polymer. Because of this, polyolefins are the most challenging substrates to work with and, among them, the saturated ones. In this contribution, the current state of the art of the metal-catalyzed modification of polyolefins and subsequent polar group incorporation is provided.

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Ultrathin Films of Variable Polarity and Crystallinity Obtained from 1,2-Polybutadiene Nanoparticle Dispersions

Morant‐Miñana

Korthals

2011

Langmuir

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Characterization of ultrathin films of different polymer nanoparticles obtained at room temperature via spin-coating of aqueous dispersions and their morphology are described. Very small nanoparticles of semicrystalline 1,2-polybutadiene (PB), noncrystalline poly(1-butene) (PH), and poly(1-butenal) (PHF) were prepared via catalytic emulsion polymerization and subsequent hydrogenation or hydroformylation. The prefabricated nanoparticles were used as building blocks. The thin films obtained are continuous and transparent (n=1.5; κ=0). The properties of these films, formed from different constituents, are analyzed. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the PB-films are very smooth (rms roughness=10 nm) and polycrystalline. Recrystallization of these PB films reveals that edge-on lamellae are the constituent units. Films with very low roughness values (rms roughness <2 nm) are obtained with PH nanoparticles, due to the soft character of the nanoparticles. The AFM profile of the PHF films reveals that the surface remains structured after drying due to the high degree of the internal cross-linking that occurs in the nanoparticles. Quantification of the films' polarity (I(3)/I(1)=0.89, 1.3, and 2.1 for PHF, PB, and PH, respectively) agrees well with the previous values obtained for the polymer dispersions. Surfactant molecules are desorbed during the film formation; however, these aggregates can be removed by rinsing with water with no undesirable effects observed on the films.

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Conveniently Accessible Polymer Nanoparticles of Adjustable Polarity

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Functionalization of Polymer Nanoparticles by Thiol−Ene Addition

Functionalization of Polymer Nanoparticles by Thiol−Ene Addition

Metal-Catalyzed Postpolymerization Strategies for Polar Group Incorporation into Polyolefins Containing C–C, C═C, and Aromatic Rings

Ultrathin Films of Variable Polarity and Crystallinity Obtained from 1,2-Polybutadiene Nanoparticle Dispersions

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