“…Among the large number of catalyst materials, nickel-based materials, such as nanostructured nickel oxide, nickelous hydroxide, nickel oxyhydroxide, and their heterostructures with available oxidation reduction state of Ni 2+ and Ni 3+ , have been confirmed to display promising efficient MOR activity under alkaline environments ( Li et al, 2017 ; Bott-Neto et al, 2019 ; Wang T.-J. et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ). Nevertheless, the substantial changes in MOR performance are needed to match the kinetic superiority of platinum-based materials ( Mansor et al, 2019 ).…”