Convenient synthesis of heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) suitable for the functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

In vitro hematological and in vivo immunotoxicity assessment of dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles

“…Our hemolysis result is in agreement with previous studies that have reported on the non-hemolytic properties of polymer coated iron oxide nanoparticles [17,18]. The mechanism behind this lack of DIONPs-induced hemolysis is probably due to the presence of dextran layer on nanoparticle surface, since dextran coating has been shown to prevent adhesion of nanoparticles to RBC membrane [19].…”

Cellular uptake and biocompatibility of bismuth ferrite harmonic advanced nanoparticles

“…The reduction of cytotoxicity observed upon coating is probably due to a steric barrier between the surface of the coated particles and the lipid membrane of cells. 15,16,42 PEG-BFO-NP were internalized in intracellular organelles and they remained located into the cells sensibly longer than U-BFO-NP. This opens interesting ways for biomedical applications, which require stable incorporation of HNP in cells.…”

“…39,40 Coating with organic polymers also allows particles conjugation and functionalization with biologically-active ligands, such as targeting-specific ligands, therapeutic agents, peptides or antibodies. 16,41 Here we present a method for the successful PEGylation of BFO-NP based on heterobifunctional PEG oligomers, for which a fast and convenient large scale synthesis protocol was recently published. 16 PEG was selected as coating polymer due to its interesting properties for biomedical applications.…”

“…16,41 Here we present a method for the successful PEGylation of BFO-NP based on heterobifunctional PEG oligomers, for which a fast and convenient large scale synthesis protocol was recently published. 16 PEG was selected as coating polymer due to its interesting properties for biomedical applications. Indeed, when compared to any other known polymer, PEG exhibits high hydrophilicity, low protein adsorption, low uptake by immune cells, and no toxicity properties.…”

A review of current coupling agents for modification of metal oxide nanoparticles

“…Passemard et al [71] synthesized heterobifunctional PEG oligomers containing combination of triethyloxysilane extremity for surface modification of iron oxide NPs. Salazar-Sandoval et al [72] reported the modification and stabilization of ceria NPs using 4,4 -azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid), a radical initiator, which allowing a strong interface to be formed via grafting of polymers from the surface.…”