Convenient Evaluation of Mental Stress With Pupil Diameter

Yamanaka, Kazushi; Kawakami, Mitsuyuki

doi:10.1080/10803548.2009.11076824

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[30][31][32] Furthermore, the reliability of pupil diameter as a reflection of autonomic system activity ( Figure 2) and mental stress has previously been demonstrated in humans. 3,5,[24][25]27,33 The feasibility to non-invasively and objectively quantify stress based on iris/pupil area ratio in our opinion has potential to be of utility in personalised animal welfare measures. A personalised animal welfare screening can be achieved with minimal intervention by monitoring I/P area ratio at regular intervals at the point of care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] An objective and reliable measure of stress is essential to timely intervene optimal animal welfare measures to minimise stress. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Stress can broadly be classified into three categories based on the degree of sympathetic system activity: 1) Physiological stress, 2) Borderline stress and 3) Pathological stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Utility of Iris-pupillary Area Ratio as a Non-invasive Index of Stress in Primates

et al. 2018

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Background:As pupillary diameter is exclusively regulated by the autonomic nervous system, the assessment of pupil size (pupillometry) provides an indirect measure of sympathetic nervous system activity and hence an estimation of the degree of stress in the patient. A reliable, objective and non-invasive measure of stress is useful in achieving optimal animal welfare standards, especially with exotic or zoo animals. Hence, we compared the iris-pupillary ratios in populations of wild and zoo monkeys to determine the suitability of using this ratio as a non-invasive index of stress. Materials and Methods: Digital photographs of wild (n=32) and zoo (n=19) monkeys were used to measure the iris-pupillary ratio of both eyes using NIH Image-J software. The data are represented as Mean ± SD and were compared using unpaired t test with Welch's correction. Results: The ratio of the iris-pupillary area in wild monkeys (17.03 ± 7.01) was significantly (p<0.0001) higher compared to zoo monkeys (8.80 ± 5.58). We observed a similar trend in the ratio of iris-pupillary perimeter (4.04 ± 1.22 Vs 2.91 ± 0.86). A lower ratio of iris-pupillary area or perimeter among zoo monkeys indicates pupillary dilation due to higher sympathetic activity and hence a higher level of stress. It is likely that the captive environment is a potential source of stress among zoo animals. We also evaluated the ratio of iris-pupillary mean grey values (1.58 ± 0.52 Vs 1.34 ± 1.09) and the ratio of irispupillary integrated density (27.69 ± 17.05 Vs 29.50 ± 10.95). These parameters were similar in the digital images of both wild and zoo monkeys, suggesting that the light conditions were similar in both groups. Conclusion: The data from this study support the utility of iris-pupillary area ratio as an objective, reliable and non-invasive index of degree of stress, which we believe will be a useful tool in managing the animal welfare of exotic animal species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of Iris-pupillary Area Ratio as a Non-invasive Index of Stress in Primates

et al. 2018

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“…Analysis of pupil diameter to detect stress is not relevant due to target group of visually impaired users [15].…”

Section: Measuring Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation tool for research of user behavior in a realistic mobile environment

Maly

Mikovec

Vystrčil

et al. 2011

Pers Ubiquit Comput

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User behavior is significantly influenced by the surrounding environment. Especially complex and dynamically changing environments (like mobile environment) are represented by a wide variety of extraneous variables, which influence the user behavior in an unpredictable and mostly uncontrolled way. For researchers it is challenging to measure and analyze the user behavior in such environments. We introduce a complex tool -the IVE tool -which provides a unique way of context visualization and synchronization of measured data of various kinds. Thanks to this tool it is possible to efficiently evaluate data acquired during complex usability tests in a mobile environment. The functionality of this tool is demonstrated on the use-case "Navigation of visually impaired users in the building with support of a navigation system called NaviTerier". During the experiment we focused on collection and analysis of data that may show user stress and which may influence his/her ability to navigate. We analyzed objective data like Galvanic Skin Response parameter (GSR), Heart Rate Variability parameters (HRV) and audio video recordings and also subjective data like the user's subjective stress feeling and observation of the user's behavior.

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“…Work reported in [61] describes the relationship between the changes in heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, and muscle tension in stressful moments. Skin conductance [62], the breathing rate [63], the brain waves [64], and the pupil diameter [65] are related to stress too. Based on these studies we can conclude that there are some main variables (called biometric variables) that change in stress situations: heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, brain waves, muscle tension, pupil diameter, skin conductance and temperature.…”

Section: Biological Stress Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sensor Technology Survey for a Stress-Aware Trading Process

Fernández

Augusto

Seepold

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. C

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Abstract-The role of the global economy is fundamentally important to our daily lives. The stock markets reflect the state of the economy on a daily basis. Traders are the workers within the stock markets who deal with numbers, statistics, company analysis, news and many other factors which influence the economy in real time. However, whilst making significant decisions within their workplace, traders must also deal with their own emotions. In fact, traders have one of the most stressful professional occupations. This survey merges current knowledge about stress effects and sensor technology by reviewing, comparing, and highlighting relevant existing research and commercial products that are available on the market. This assessment is made in order to establish how sensor technology can support traders to avoid poor decision making during the trading process. The purpose of this article is: 1) to review the studies about the impact of stress on the decision making process and on biological stress parameters that are applied in sensor design; 2) to compare different ways to measure stress by using sensors currently available in the market according to basic biometric principles under trading context; and 3) to suggest new directions in the use of sensor technology in stock markets.

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Convenient Evaluation of Mental Stress With Pupil Diameter

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

The Utility of Iris-pupillary Area Ratio as a Non-invasive Index of Stress in Primates

The Utility of Iris-pupillary Area Ratio as a Non-invasive Index of Stress in Primates

An evaluation tool for research of user behavior in a realistic mobile environment

A Sensor Technology Survey for a Stress-Aware Trading Process

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