Convenient Estimation of Unfertilized Grains in Rice

Kobata, Tohru; Akiyama, Y.; Kawaoka, Takuya

doi:10.1626/pps.13.289

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The percentage of fertilized spikelets (% S ) is given by [(total – sterilized spikelets)/total spikelet] × 100. Sterilized spikelets in bulk samples at maturity can be separated with high precision using an ethanol solution with a concentration >70% (v/v) (specific gravity of 0.900 × 10 3 kg m –3 ) (Kobata et al, 2010). We used an ethanol solution with a concentration of 80% (v/v) (specific gravity of 0.796 × 10 3 kg m –3 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fertilized spikelets are either adequately or inadequately filled. Inadequately filled grain in fertilized spikelets is one of the main reasons for the poor grain filling in HS cultivars (Mohapatra et al, 2011), but empty spikelets resulting from sterility and abortion occasionally also restrict the yield (Peng et al, 1999; Horie, 2001; Kobata et al, 2006, 2010). A higher frequency of inadequate grain filling and empty spikelets in the second rachis branch of the lower parts of the panicles has been observed in these HS cultivars (Horie, 2001; Mohapatra et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A higher frequency of inadequate grain filling and empty spikelets in the second rachis branch of the lower parts of the panicles has been observed in these HS cultivars (Horie, 2001; Mohapatra et al, 2011). Under conventional irrigated conditions, the percentage of fertilized spikelets in popular Japanese japonica rice cultivars such as Koshihikari occasionally exceeds 95% (Kobata and Uemuki, 2004), but in some HS cultivars (e.g., Takanari), the percentage of spikelet fertility is 80% or less (Kobata et al, 2010). A wide variation (70–85%) in the percentage of spikelet fertility was observed among rice cultivars in a rice diversity research set of germplasm (National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2011; Kobata et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Under conventional irrigated conditions, the percentage of fertilized spikelets in popular Japanese japonica rice cultivars such as Koshihikari occasionally exceeds 95% (Kobata and Uemuki, 2004), but in some HS cultivars (e.g., Takanari), the percentage of spikelet fertility is 80% or less (Kobata et al, 2010). A wide variation (70–85%) in the percentage of spikelet fertility was observed among rice cultivars in a rice diversity research set of germplasm (National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2011; Kobata et al, 2010). Furthermore, spikelet fertility could be affected by a heavy N application resulting in a high number of spikelets or shading at flowering (Matsushima, 1959; Nishiyama, 1983; Kobata et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A wide variation (70–85%) in the percentage of spikelet fertility was observed among rice cultivars in a rice diversity research set of germplasm (National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2011; Kobata et al, 2010). Furthermore, spikelet fertility could be affected by a heavy N application resulting in a high number of spikelets or shading at flowering (Matsushima, 1959; Nishiyama, 1983; Kobata et al, 2010). Spikelet sterility, however, has seldom been focused on as a critical factor inhibiting the potential yield in HS cultivars.…”

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Spikelet Sterility is Associated with a Lack of Assimilate in High‐Spikelet‐Number Rice

et al. 2013

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New rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes bearing a high spikelet number (HS) occasionally cannot show their high yield potentials due to the lower grain‐filling rate. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of spikelet sterility on grain filling in HS cultivars and to determine whether the assimilation factor around anthesis is related to spikelet sterility. Two japonica × indica and one japonica × javanica HS cultivars were grown and compared with single‐standard indica and japonica rice cultivars. Lower spikelet fertility (higher sterility) was accompanied by a lower filling percentage of spikelets (observed/potential grain yield) across cultivars and within the HS cultivars bearing different spikelet numbers as a function of N fertilizer treatments. To increase assimilate supply into the whole or lower part of the panicle, plant density was halved at heading or the upper half of the panicle was removed during the middle‐heading period. The halved density, and the removal of the upper panicle in particular, significantly increased spikelet fertility by 1.3 to 1.5 times in the lower part of the panicle in the HS cultivars. The spikelet fertility in HS cultivars could easily be decreased under adverse conditions of assimilation around flowering. The removal of the upper panicle in the HS cultivars significantly increased by 1.3 times the pollen count on the pistil in the low panicle position. These results suggest that spikelet sterility in the lower part of the panicle lowers grain‐filling in the HS cultivars and that inadequate assimilate supply around flowering results in spikelet sterility through a fault in the pollination process.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Spikelet Sterility is Associated with a Lack of Assimilate in High‐Spikelet‐Number Rice

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Yield performance of inbred rice grown under labor‐saving crop establishment methods

Huang

Chen

et al. 2021

Agronomy Journal

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Labor-saving crop establishment methods have rapidly developed for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in China to address a labor shortage in agricultural production resulting from urban expansion, and many rice farmers who adopt such methods prefer to choose inbred varieties with reduced seed costs. This study aimed to determine which of two labor-saving establishment methods, zero tillage and direct seeding (ZTDS) and rotavator tillage and mechanical transplanting (RTMT), achieves higher grain yield in inbred rice. Field experiments were conducted at two sites across 3 yr to determine grain yield and yield attributes of elite inbred rice cultivar Jinlongsimiao, established under ZTDS and RTMT. Results showed that RTMT produced an 11% higher grain yield than ZTDS. Higher spikelet number per panicle was observed under RTMT compared with ZTDS, but spikelet number per square meter was not necessarily higher because it was compensated for by a reduced panicle number per square meter. The RTMT-established rice conferred higher spikelet filling percentage but lower grain weight than ZTDS-established rice. There was no consistent or significant difference in crop growth rate, total biomass production, or the source/sink ratio between RTMT and ZTDS rice. The RTMT method produced a higher harvest index than ZTDS. These results suggest that RTMT is the favorable method for inbred rice establishment to improve the partitioning of assimilates and, consequently, increase spikelet filling percentage and grain yield compared with ZTDS.Abbreviations: RTMT, rotavator tillage and mechanical transplanting; ZTDS, zero tillage and direct seeding.

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