Convective Instability Associated with the Eastward-Propagating Rainfall Episodes over Eastern China during the Warm Season

Chen, Guixing; Yoshida, Ryuhei; Sha, Wei E. I.; Iwasaki, Toshiki; Qin, Huiling

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-13-00443.1

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…For instance, summer precipitation over south and northeast China peaks in the late afternoon , which is consistent with most land areas worldwide (Nesbitt & Zipser, 2003). The different diurnal cycles of summer precipitations in the Yangtze valley are thought to be related to the eastward movement of clouds over the Tibetan Plateau (Asai et al, 1998;Chen et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2019). Summer precipitation in the lower reaches of the Yangtze valley has one diurnal peak in the early morning and another in the late afternoon .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Summer precipitation in the lower reaches of the Yangtze valley has one diurnal peak in the early morning and another in the late afternoon . The different diurnal cycles of summer precipitations in the Yangtze valley are thought to be related to the eastward movement of clouds over the Tibetan Plateau (Asai et al, 1998;Chen et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diurnal Variation of Meiyu Rainfall in the Yangtze Plain During Atypical Meiyu Years

et al. 2020

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The diurnal variation of precipitation reflects the influence of atmospheric heat and dynamic processes on the water cycle. Using multiple data sets, we carried out case studies and statistical analysis of the diurnal variation in Meiyu rainfall in atypical Meiyu years. Our results show that the morning precipitation was induced by strong southwesterly moisture transport and was mainly composed of stratiform pixels, whereas the precipitation occurring in the afternoon was mainly composed of convective pixels affected by updrafts. The diurnal variation in precipitation in the atypical Meiyu years appeared as a bimodal structure with peaks in early morning (06:30 LST) and afternoon (16:00 LST), which was different from the single morning peak (09:30 LST) in the normal Meiyu years and reported previously. Further research indicated that the morning peak is related to the low-level water vapor flux, whereas the afternoon peak is related to the local solar heating. In addition, the water vapor flux in the Yangtze Plain was characterized by strong morning and weak afternoon fluxes during both normal and atypical Meiyu periods. The diurnal variation in the low-level water vapor flux is thought to be influenced by the intensity of, and distance from, the subtropical high.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Variation of Meiyu Rainfall in the Yangtze Plain During Atypical Meiyu Years

et al. 2020

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“…10b). These results agree with other observational studies (e.g., McBride and Frank 1999;Chen et al 2014b), suggesting that the CAPE genesis is mainly attributable to the low-level processes that regulate the properties of the boundary layer air mass. The boundary layer warming/moistening that determines the generation of convective instability is also observed during another hot event (Johnson et al 2001).…”

Section: Generation Of Convective Instability and Intraseasonal Oscilsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…JRA-55 is one of the newgeneration global reanalyses, and it has an improved data quality even on a diurnal scale (Chen et al 2014a). The pressure-level analysis data used here have a spatial resolution of 1.258 longitude/latitude and a vertical interval of 25 hPa below 700 hPa and 50 hPa above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7c), the air parcel may be lifted to overcome small CIN, triggering new convection. It is also noted that the convection movement induced by convective instability may have a speed of approximately 0.3 ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi CAPE p relative to midlevel winds (Moncrieff and Miller 1976;Chen et al 2014b). A CAPE value of 1800-2200 J kg 21 with weak ambient wind gives a propagation speed of 13-14 m s 21 .…”

Section: Atmospheric Conditions That Support Convection Propagation Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions during a Short-Term Hot Event over the Western Pacific Warm Pool in Response to El Niño

Chen

Qin

2016

Journal of Climate

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A short-term hot event with a very high sea surface temperature (SST $ 308C) occurred in the western Pacific warm pool during November 2006. The interactions between this ocean hot event, atmospheric convection, and large-scale dynamics are studied using satellite observations, buoy measurements, air-sea fluxes analysis, and global reanalysis. It is shown that SST variation and deep convection over the western Pacific behave like a remote response to the El Niño warm SST anomaly in the central Pacific that induces westward-moving atmospheric convection and equatorial waves. The large-scale subsidence associated with propagating convection not only promotes high SSTs in the western Pacific through establishing cloud-free conditions and increasing heat content in a thin ocean mixed layer, but also produces convective instability through capping substantial water vapor in the lower troposphere. Under the precondition of convective instability and the steering of tropical easterlies, some convective systems propagate coherently from the central to western Pacific and intensify. In particular, new cloud clusters are dynamically attracted to the warmest oceans with maximum atmospheric instability. The enhanced convective activity then transfers oceanic energy into the atmosphere, strengthens upper-ocean mixing, and returns the positive SST anomalies to more typical values. In such a coupled system, synoptic-scale convective activities at an interval of 5-8 days are selectively amplified and thus are filtered to an intraseasonal (20-30-day) oscillation, depending on the phase of the hot event over the western Pacific. The observed evidence has implications for the predictability of short-term climate, and it offers critical information for validating the coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics in climate models.

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Improving diurnal rainfall phase over the Southern Great Plains in warm seasons by using a convective triggering design

Wang

Hsu

2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This study reports the improvements in the diurnal rainfall phase over the Southern Great Plains (SGP) with the Community Atmosphere Model by incorporating two convective initiation designs into the Zhang–Mcfarlane scheme. To capture the convection initiation of the nocturnal rainfall regime, the triggers emphasized the importance of suppression of convective inhibition and identification of elevated buoyancy for initiating convection. Consistent with the single‐column study of Wang et al. (2015), the model rainfall bias reduced with an increase in the heavy nocturnal rainfall and with the suppression of the spurious daytime convection in global domain experiments. We found that, with the climate model resolution of 1°, the nocturnal convection over the SGP can be well represented when the destabilization mechanisms of potentially buoyant layer at the low‐level troposphere is appropriately captured. Such destabilization is caused by the moisture convergence between the Rocky Mountains–SGP circulations and the uplifted low‐level jets from the Gulf of Mexico. Similar improvements are also found in other regions on the lee side of high terrains, such as the Tibetan Plateau.

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Convective Instability Associated with the Eastward-Propagating Rainfall Episodes over Eastern China during the Warm Season

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Diurnal Variation of Meiyu Rainfall in the Yangtze Plain During Atypical Meiyu Years

Diurnal Variation of Meiyu Rainfall in the Yangtze Plain During Atypical Meiyu Years

Strong Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions during a Short-Term Hot Event over the Western Pacific Warm Pool in Response to El Niño

Improving diurnal rainfall phase over the Southern Great Plains in warm seasons by using a convective triggering design

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