“…This combination for a purely thermal problem with the fourfold crystalline symmetry was derived by Langer & Hong [23] in the form of σ∗=σ0αd7/4, where αd and σ0 represent the surface energy stiffness and a selection constant. Then this criterion was generalized to binary and multicomponent systems [24,25], forced and potential convective flows [26,27], arbitrary Péclet numbers [28], high pressure at Earth’s inner core boundary [29], attachment kinetics of atoms at the solid/liquid interface [30], sixfold crystalline symmetry [31,32], rapid crystallization [33–35], arbitrary crystalline symmetry [36,37], non-axisymmetric tip shape in the form of elliptical paraboloid [38,39], and natural convection around dendrites [37,40,41]. This review summarizes these studies and pays the most attention to the stable mode of dendritic growth, which is selected by the selection/stability parameter and the melt undercooling condition.…”