Convection Patterns in the Tropical Pacific and Their Influence on theAtmospheric Circulation at Higher Latitudes

Kidson, John W.; Revell, Michael J.; Bhaskaran, B.; Mullan, A. Brett; Renwick, James

doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0137:cpittp>2.0.co;2

Cited by 25 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The tropical anomalies in the NE patterns are primarily to the west of 160°W, whereas the ENSO patterns extend further to the east. The NE pattern resembles the OLR pattern ('EN') that Kidson et al (2002) associated with ENSO episodes having enhanced western extension of SST anomalies. GCM-simulated precipitation in the western Pacific and Maritime Continent is, to a large extent, driven by prescribed local SSTs and is relatively realistic.…”

Section: Western Tropical Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Lau and Boyle (1987) emphasize that Maritime Continent and central Pacific convective forcing produce very different extratropic responses, particularly in the wind fields, with the overall streamfunction response in the extratropics being more sensitive to Maritime Continent forcing than to forcing in the central Pacific. Kidson et al (2002) also find that the response to tropical forcing differs according to whether the forcing is in the central Pacific or in the Maritime Continent. Using cluster analysis of OLR data, they separate warm tropical SST events into two types, one of which ('EN') has influence in the EAJS region.…”

Section: Western Tropical Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Thus, the particular 'flavour' of the extended La Niña episode of 1998-2002 appears to be linked to the severe drought in CSW Asia. Similarly, Kidson et al (2002) used cluster analysis of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data to separate ENSO warm-events into two types with associated SST anomalies of differing western extent. The warm-event type with extended western Pacific SST anomalies is associated with stronger circulation anomalies over the Asian region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical correction of central Southwest Asia winter precipitation simulations

Tippett¹,

Barlow²,

Lyon³

2003

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Severe drought is a notable feature of the hydrology of central Southwest (CSW) Asia. Although studies have linked the region's interannual precipitation variability to remote forcings that include East Asia jet stream variability and western Pacific tropical convection, atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) forced by observed sea-surface temperatures demonstrate little skill in simulating interannual precipitation variability in this region. Here, statistical methods of correcting systematic errors in GCM simulations of CSW Asia precipitation are investigated. Canonical correlation analysis is used to identify model fields related to observed precipitation anomaly patterns. These relationships are then used to predict observed precipitation anomalies. This approach is applied to the ECHAM 4.5 GCM using regional precipitation, upper-level winds and western Pacific tropical precipitation as predictors of observed CSW Asia precipitation anomalies. The statistical corrections improve the GCM precipitation simulations, resulting in modest, but statistically significant, cross-validated skill in simulating CSW Asia precipitation anomalies. Applying the procedure to hindcasts with persisted sea-surface temperatures gives lower, but statistically significant, precipitation correlations in the region along the Hindu Kush mountain range.

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Section: Western Tropical Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Western Tropical Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical correction of central Southwest Asia winter precipitation simulations

Tippett¹,

Barlow²,

Lyon³

2003

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…24 years for the PDO and 21 years for the SOI. Another substantial difference concerns the well-known blocking high over the southwest of South America, which is associated with El Niño conditions (Sinclair et al, 1997;Renwick, 1998;Salinger et al, 2001;Kidson et al, 2002). This is clearly seen in the SOI composite but does not appear in the PDO case, further emphasizing that distinct processes are involved.…”

Section: Wintermentioning

confidence: 96%

Southern hemisphere cyclones and anticyclones: recent trends and links with decadal variability in the Pacific Ocean

Pezza

Simmonds

Renwick

2007

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Abstract:The aim of this paper is to study the association between the extratropical Southern Hemisphere and the decadal variability in the Pacific Ocean (PO). We discuss a pattern of coherent large-scale anomalies and trends in cyclone and anticyclone behaviour in light of the climate variability in the PO over the ERA40 reanalysis period . The two representative PO indices are the Pacific Decadal and Interdecadal Oscillations (PDO and IPO), and here the PDO is chosen owing to it being less associated with the southern oscillation index (SOI).Composites of the indicators of the density and intensity of cyclones/anticyclones given by an automatic tracking scheme were calculated for the years when the PDOI was more than one standard deviation above or below its mean. Although the ERA40 is not free from noise and assimilation changes, the results show a large-scale feature, which seems to be robust and agrees with earlier studies using different data sets.The sea-level pressure shows a strong annular structure related to the PDO, which is not seen for the SOI, with lower pressure around Antarctica during the positive phase and vice versa. More intense (and fewer) cyclones and anticyclones were observed during the positive PDO. This is less consistent for the SOI, particularly during the summer when a different PDO/SOI pattern arises at high latitudes. The trends project a pattern coincident with the positive PDO phase and seem to be linked with the main climate shift in the late seventies. Trends observed over the Tasman Sea are consistent with declining winter rainfall over southeastern Australia.Most patterns are statistically significant and seem robust, but random changes in ENSO may play a part, to a certain degree, in modulating the results, and a physical mechanism of causality has not been demonstrated. Although global warming and related changes in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) may also help explain the observed behaviour, the large-scale response presented here provides a new insight and would be of considerable interest for further modelling studies.

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“…For example the 1972/73 El Nino event correlates well whereas the strong 1982/83 event does not. A possible clue to this comes from the work of Kidson & Revell (2000) who studied the 1979-98 period and have identified two types of El Nino events based on the anomaly patterns in the tropics. In their classification the 1982/83 and 1997/98 events were strong whereas the 1986/87 and 1991/92 events were moderate.…”

Section: Long-term Transport Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the East Auckland Current transport from model winds and the Island Rule

Stanton¹

2001

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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The Island Rule allows the wind-driven ocean transport around New Zealand to be determined from wind stress over the South Pacific. The transport in the western boundary current can be derived from the difference between the island transport and the interior Sverdrup transport to the east. This method has been used to estimate the transport in the East Auckland Current (EAUC) using ECMWF and NCEP model wind-stress data, which are compared with transports derived from TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimetry and expendable bathythermograph (XBT) sections. The results suggest that the mean transport in the EAUC can be explained by the Sverdrup dynamics implicit in the model results. However the model estimates of interannual variability in the EAUC were generally unrealistic, and some of the reasons for this are examined and possible extensions to the model suggested.

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Convection Patterns in the Tropical Pacific and Their Influence on theAtmospheric Circulation at Higher Latitudes

Cited by 25 publications

References 53 publications

Statistical correction of central Southwest Asia winter precipitation simulations

Statistical correction of central Southwest Asia winter precipitation simulations

Southern hemisphere cyclones and anticyclones: recent trends and links with decadal variability in the Pacific Ocean

Estimating the East Auckland Current transport from model winds and the Island Rule

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