Convection in drying and freezing ground

Abstract

In this paper we analyse the drying of a soil composed of particles, water and solute impurities, and study the occurrence of convective instabilities during evaporation. We find that the main driving force for instability is the formation of a concentration gradient at the soil surface due to the evaporation of water. A similar phenomenon may occur during the thawing of frozen ground in Arctic regions.

Boehmite (AlOOH) nanostrips and their growth mechanism

“…Secondly, in this mixture, the aluminum crystals are broken down to nanosize under high pressure. Thirdly, due to difference in concentration and temperature there arise concentration and temperature gradients leading to convection, due to which a cell structure occurs which remains even after drying DI water [14,15]. Now, for a ternary mixture, we have…”

“…Now, our primary emphasis is to analyze the formation of Boehmite nanostructures for that we would use tensor notations and Green's functions [14]. As the conditions are inert, the effect due to impurities can be neglected and the mixture can be treated as a binary mixture of aluminum particles and de-ionized water.…”