Convalescent whole blood, plasma and serum in the prophylaxis of measles

Zingher, Abraham; Mortimer, P.

doi:10.1002/rmv.480

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The virus may also propagate inside cell carriers resulting in targeted release of additional oncolytic virus progeny in cancer tissues. Notably, cell-associated viremia is a natural part of the MV life cycle and has been shown to protect the virus from anti-measles antibodies [85, 86]. Another important advantage of MV oncolytic vectors for cell carrier use is the natural fusogenicity of these viruses, which allows transfer of viral progeny via heterofusion of infected cell carriers with cancer cells.…”

Section: Immune Evasion Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuated Oncolytic Measles Virus Strains as Cancer Therapeutics

Msaouel¹,

Iankov²,

Dispenzieri³

et al. 2012

CPB

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Attenuated measles virus vaccine strains have emerged as a promising oncolytic vector platform, having shown significant anti-tumor activity against a broad range of malignant neoplasms. Measles virus strains derived from the attenuated Edmonston-B (MV-Edm) vaccine lineage have been shown to selectively infect, replicate in and lyse cancer cells while causing minimal cytopathic effect on normal tissues. This review summarizes the preclinical data that led to the rapid clinical translation of oncolytic measles vaccine strains and provides an overview of early clinical data using this oncolytic platform. Furthermore, novel approaches currently under development to further enhance the oncolytic efficacy of MV-Edm strains, including strategies to circumvent immunity or modulate immune system responses, combinatorial approaches with standard treatment modalities, virus retargeting as well as strategies for in vivo monitoring of viral replication are discussed.

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Section: Immune Evasion Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuated Oncolytic Measles Virus Strains as Cancer Therapeutics

Msaouel¹,

Iankov²,

Dispenzieri³

et al. 2012

CPB

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“…The protective properties of anti-measles antibodies were well demonstrated in the pre-vaccination era when serum from convalescing measles patients was used as post-exposure prophylaxis for children at risk. [152, 153] Interestingly, serotherapy was only effective if administered within six days of measles virus exposure, indicating that it cannot prevent the cell associated viremia and dissemination of measles virus via the bloodstream that occurs towards the end of the incubation period (days 10–14 after initial exposure, coincident with the prodromal symptoms and rash). [29] Importantly, cell free viremia has not been recorded in natural measles infections.…”

Section: Enhancing the Efficacy Of Oncolytic Measles Viruses: Immune mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles Virus for Cancer Therapy

Russell

Peng

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

125

133

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Measles virus offers an ideal platform from which to build a new generation of safe, effective oncolytic viruses. Occasional "spontaneous" tumor regressions have occurred during natural measles infections, but common tumors do not express SLAM, the wild-type MV receptor, and are therefore not susceptible to the virus. Serendipitously, attenuated vaccine strains of measles virus have adapted to use CD46, a regulator of complement activation that is expressed in higher abundance on human tumor cells than on their non transformed counterparts. For this reason, attenuated measles viruses are potent and selective oncolytic agents showing impressive antitumor activity in mouse xenograft models. The viruses can be engineered to enhance their tumor specificity, increase their antitumor potency and facilitate noninvasive in vivo monitoring of their spread. A major impediment to the successful deployment of oncolytic measles viruses as anticancer agents is the high prevalence of pre-existing anti measles immunity, which impedes bloodstream delivery and curtails intratumoral virus spread. It is hoped that these problems can be addressed by delivering the virus inside measles-infected cell carriers and/or by concomitant administration of immunosuppressive drugs. From a safety perspective, population immunity provides an excellent defense against measles spread from patient to carers and, in fifty years of human experience, reversion of attenuated measles to a wild type pathogenic phenotype has not been observed. Clinical trials testing oncolytic measles viruses as an experimental cancer therapy are currently underway.

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“…Zingher's presentation to the Pediatrics Section of the New York Academy of Medicine in 1924 cites a number of early studies. 8 More recently, Ramsay et al…”

Section: Evidence Of Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 During the 1930s, this practice of post exposure prophylaxis via passive immunization was widespread in the medical community. 8 Passive immunization continued to be the mainstay of the public health management of hepatitis A and measles prior to the availability of vaccines. 1 However, rather than administering antibodies in the form of the serum of convalescents, human immune globulin (IG) came to be recognized as the blood product of choice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Over subsequent decades, convalescent serum, either from individuals or from a small number of donors pooled together, was documented to prevent or ameliorate disease when administered to non-immune people within a short time of exposure. 8 During the 1930s, this practice of post exposure prophylaxis via passive immunization was widespread in the medical community. 8 Passive immunization continued to be the mainstay of the public health management of hepatitis A and measles prior to the availability of vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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