Controversial Issues of Dietary Fat and Experimental Mammary Carcinogenesis

C, Ip

doi:10.1006/pmed.1993.1067

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…47 However, one must note that in experimental models, linoleic acid promote mammary tumorigenesis only under certain conditions. 48 Our analysis was suggestive of a significant protective effect of total n-3 PUFA, and the 2 highly n-3 PUFA of marine origin, EPA and DHA. A large number of experimental animal data also showed inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis in mice or rats fed high dietary levels of fish oils 49 but the data from epidemiological studies on dietary fat intake remain inconclusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Biomarkers of dietary fatty acid intake and the risk of breast cancer: A meta‐analysis

Saadatian‐Elahi

Norat

Goudable

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

147

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The use of the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, erythrocyte membranes, serum and plasma as biological markers of fatty acid intake was recently introduced in epidemiological studies. The biomarkers of fatty acid intake have the advantage of providing quantitative measurement independent of energy intake and of the subject's memory. We performed a meta-analysis of published results of epidemiological studies of the composition of fatty acids in biological samples and breast cancer risk. The analysis was based on 3 cohort and 7 case-control studies including 2,031 cases and 2,334 controls. The summary statistic used was the average of the relative risk estimated for each level of the fatty acid on study, weighted by the inverse of its variance. Random effect models were assumed when the test for heterogeneity was significant. Overall relative risks were estimated for studies including pre-and post-menopausal breast cancer and separately for post-menopausal women. In cohort studies, a significant protective effect was found for total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, while total monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid (C18:1 n-9c) and palmitic acid (C16:0) were significantly associated with an increase of breast cancer risk. Total saturated fatty acids were significantly associated with breast cancer risk in cohort studies only in postmenopausal women. For case-control studies, the only finding was for alpha linolenic acid (C18:3, n-3), which showed an inverse association bordering on statistical significance. The findings of cohort studies fit well with hypotheses derived from experimental animal studies. More epidemiological cohort studies that integrate biological markers of dietary fatty acid intake are needed in order to determine the contribution of different types of fatty acids in the etiology of breast cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Biomarkers of dietary fatty acid intake and the risk of breast cancer: A meta‐analysis

Saadatian‐Elahi

Norat

Goudable

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

147

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“…Meat and in particular processed meats can be a rich source of saturated fat. Although effect on mammary carcinogenesis has been shown in animals, its human relevance is controversial (Ip, 1993). A review of prospective studies has shown that dietary fat reduction can lower serum oestradiol levels (Wu et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat consumption and risk of breast cancer in the UK Women's Cohort Study

et al. 2007

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We performed a survival analysis to assess the effect of meat consumption and meat type on the risk of breast cancer in the UK Women's Cohort Study. Between 1995 and 1998 a cohort of 35 372 women was recruited, aged between 35 and 69 years with a wide range of dietary intakes, assessed by a 217-item food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression adjusted for known confounders. High consumption of total meat compared with none was associated with premenopausal breast cancer, HR ¼ 1.20 (95% CI: 0.86 -1.68), and high non-processed meat intake compared with none, HR ¼ 1.20 (95% CI: 0.86 -1.68). Larger effect sizes were found in postmenopausal women for all meat types, with significant associations with total, processed and red meat consumption. Processed meat showed the strongest HR ¼ 1.64 (95% CI: 1.14 -2.37) for high consumption compared with none. Women, both pre-and postmenopausal, who consumed the most meat had the highest risk of breast cancer.

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“…However, this study was performed in an experimental carcinogenesis model. Ip (1993) has stated that fat promotes mammary carcinogenesis only under a very stringent set of conditions, which might not be duplicated in the arena of fat intake and human breast cancer risk. Further analysis to investigate the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of EPA and DHA would considerably strengthen this work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemoprevention of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats by low-dose EPA and DHA

Noguchi

Minami²,

Yagasaki³

et al. 1997

Br J Cancer

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Summary We investigated the effects of low-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the incidence and growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet. We also examined the effects of these treatments on the fatty acid composition of tumour and serum. Tumour incidence was significantly decreased by the administration of low-dose EPA and DHA, whereas their inhibitory effects on tumour growth did not reach significance. Serum arachidonic acid (AA) level was decreased by the administration of low-dose EPA and tended to be decreased by the administration of low-dose DHA, whereas tumour AA levels were not changed. The administration of low-dose EPA and DHA may be useful for inhibiting the incidence of breast cancer.

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Controversial Issues of Dietary Fat and Experimental Mammary Carcinogenesis

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Biomarkers of dietary fatty acid intake and the risk of breast cancer: A meta‐analysis

Biomarkers of dietary fatty acid intake and the risk of breast cancer: A meta‐analysis

Meat consumption and risk of breast cancer in the UK Women's Cohort Study

Chemoprevention of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats by low-dose EPA and DHA

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