Controls on the growth and geometry of pyroclastic constructs

Riedel, Carsten; Ernst, Gérald; Riley, Madeleine

doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(03)00196-3

Cited by 111 publications

(117 citation statements)

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“…The scoria cone growth largely invokes models of emplacement and accumulation of pyroclasts through ballistic transportation (no-drag) [96]. The majority of the scoria cone growth models operate with the transportation and accumulation of few cm to few dm sized (scoria or cinder) pyroclastic fragments [95,96] that behave in a granular fashion after deposition [97,98]. The eruption mechanism of scoria cones is dominated by magmatic fragmentation which is generally governed by the speed of the rising magma, which determines the vis-…”

Section: Scoria-cones With or Without Related Lava Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the Strombolian-style magma fragmentation occurs at shallow depth (upper part of the magma column), when the over-pressurized and segregated gas-bubbles break and burst out from the rising, mostly mafic, magmas [38,[103][104][105]. In spite of this general trend of scoria cone eruption and growth, scoria cones are far more complex volcanoes [98], and evolve through various eruption styles from Hawaiian lava fountaining [106], violent Strombolian [107] to intermittent phreatomagmatic eruptions such as maar-forming [104,108] can take place during their relatively short lived (days to years) eruption period [109]. As a result, the shape of the scoria cone will depend on these variations of the eruption style.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neogene-Quaternary Volcanic forms in the Carpathian-Pannonian Region: a review

et al. 2010

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Neogene to Quaternary volcanic/magmatic activity in the Carpathian-Pannonian Region (CPR) occurred between 21 and 0.1 Ma with a distinct migration in time from west to east. It shows a diverse compositional variation in response to a complex interplay of subduction with roll-back, back-arc extension, collision, slab break-off, delamination, strike-slip tectonics and microplate rotations, as well as in response to further evolution of magmas in the crustal environment by processes of differentiation, crustal contamination, anatexis and magma mixing. Since most of the primary volcanic forms have been affected by erosion, especially in areas of post-volcanic uplift, based on the level of erosion we distinguish: (1) areas eroded to the basement level, where paleovolcanic reconstruction is not possible; (2) deeply eroded volcanic forms with secondary morphology and possible paleovolcanic reconstruction; (3) eroded volcanic forms with remnants of original morphology preserved; and (4) the least eroded volcanic forms with original morphology quite well preserved. The large variety of volcanic forms present in the area can be grouped in a) monogenetic volcanoes and b) polygenetic volcanoes and their subsurface/intrusive counterparts that belong to various rock series found in the CPR such as calc-alkaline magmatic rock-types (felsic, intermediate and mafic varieties) and alkalic types including K-alkalic, shoshonitic, ultrapotassic and Na-alkalic. The following volcanic/subvolcanic forms have been identified: (i) domes, shield volcanoes, effusive cones, pyroclastic cones, stratovolcanoes and calderas with associated intrusive bodies for intermediate and basic calc-alkaline volcanism; (ii) domes, calderas and ignimbrite/ash-flow fields for felsic calc-alkaline volcanism and (iii) dome flows, shield volcanoes, maars, tuffcone/tuff-rings, scoria-cones with or without related lava flow/field and their erosional or subsurface forms (necks/ plugs, dykes, shallow intrusions, diatreme, lava lake) for various types of K-and Na-alkalic and ultrapotassic magmatism. Finally, we provide a summary of the eruptive history and distribution of volcanic forms in the CPR using several sub-region schemes.

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Section: Scoria-cones With or Without Related Lava Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neogene-Quaternary Volcanic forms in the Carpathian-Pannonian Region: a review

et al. 2010

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“…The main volcaniclastic deposits that are produced by a scoria cone eruption are the cone-building coarse-grained ash, lapilli and aggolomerate units and the medial to distal coarse ash to fine lapilli sized pyroclastic blanket. These pyroclastic deposits are formed when magmatic gas bubbles coalesce and explosively burst in a relatively established volcanic conduit, high in the growing cone [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Detailed analyses of deposits preserved on scoria cones and their surroundings led to the clarification of the role of the shallow seated magmatic system in the control of the explosive eruptions of such volcanoes [1,[15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of collapsing and cone rafting on eruption style changes and final cone morphology: Los Morados scoria cone, Mendoza, Argentina

et al. 2011

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Payún Matru Volcanic Field is a Quaternary monogenetic volcanic field that hosts scoria cones with perfect to breached morphologies. Los Morados complex is a group of at least four closely spaced scoria cones (Los Morados main cone and the older Cones A, B, and C). Los Morados main cone was formed by a long lived eruption of months to years. After an initial Hawaiian-style stage, the eruption changed to a normal Strombolian, conebuilding style, forming a cone over 150 metres high on a northward dipping (∼4˚) surface. An initial cone gradually grew until a lava flow breached the cone's base and rafted an estimated 10% of the total volume. A sudden sector collapse initiated a dramatic decompression in the upper part of the feeding conduit and triggered violent a Strombolian style eruptive stage. Subsequently, the eruption became more stable, and changed to a regular Strombolian style that partially rebuilt the cone. A likely increase in magma flux coupled with the gradual growth of a new cone caused another lava flow outbreak at the structurally weakened earlier breach site. For a second time, the unstable flank of the cone was rafted, triggering a second violent Strombolian eruptive stage which was followed by a Hawaiian style lava fountain stage. The lava fountaining was accompanied by a steady outpour of voluminous lava emission accompanied by constant rafting of the cone flank, preventing the healing of the cone. Santa Maria is another scoria cone built on a nearly flat pre-eruption surface. Despite this it went through similar stages as Los Morados main cone, but probably not in as dramatic a manner as Los Morados. In contrast to these examples of large breached cones, volumetrically smaller cones, associated to less extensive lava flows, were able to heal raft/collapse events, due to the smaller magma output and flux rates. Our evidence shows that scoria cone growth is a complex process, and is a consequence of the magma internal parameters (e.g. volatile content, magma flux, recharge, output volume) and external conditions such as inclination of the pre-eruptive surface where they grew and thus gravitational instability.

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“…Italy (see reviews of scoria cone features by Wood, 1981;Head and Wilson, 1989;and Riedel, 2003). A much-cited (e.g., Fisher and Schmincke, 1984;Vespermann and Schmincke, 2000) model for this type of activity and resulting cone construction was developed by McGetchin et al (1 974), based upon their observations of cone-building at one of the vents of Mount Etna in Sicily.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, many scoria cones are associated with appreciable fallout deposits that might be several meters thick near the cone and gradually thin over distances of many kilometers (e.g., Segerstrom, 1950;Self, 1976;Heiken, 1978;Luhr and Simkin, 1993;Hooten et al, 2001) and/or have been historically observed to include,periods of sustained, ash-rich eruption columns that reach kilometers into the atmosphere (see review by Riedel et al, 2003). The occurrence of sustained eruption columns indicates an additional process, not accounted for by McGetchin et al, which might influence scoria cone constructionnamely, deposition of material by fallout from a sustained column instead of (or in addition to) deposition by direct ballistic emplacement.…”

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confidence: 99%