Controls on structural styles, basin development and petroleum prospectivity in the Midland Valley of Scotland

Underhill, John R.; Monaghan, A.A.; Browne, M. A. E.

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2007.12.002

Cited by 45 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Taking all the coeval syn-depositional faults and folds together in and around the Forth area, this interpretation is consistent with a model of early to late Carboniferous (ViseanWestphalian) growth folds under dextral strike slip (Fig 19b) and Late Carboniferous basin inversion suggested by Underhill et al (2008). It is inconsistent with a Late Devonian-Lower…”

Section: Geological Structure and Faultingsupporting

confidence: 86%

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New insights from 3D geological models at analogue CO ₂ storage sites in Lincolnshire and eastern Scotland, UK

Monaghan

Ford

Milodowski

et al. 2012

PYGS

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SUMMARY:Subsurface 3D geological models of aquifer and seal rock systems from two contrasting analogue sites have been created as the first step in an investigation into methodologies for geological storage of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers. Development of the models illustrates the utility of an integrated approach using digital techniques and expert geological knowledge to further geological understanding. The models visualize a faulted, gently dipping Permo-Triassic succession in Lincolnshire and a complex faulted and folded Devono-Carboniferous succession in eastern Scotland. The Permo-Triassic is present in the Lincolnshire model to depths of -2 km OD, and includes the aquifers of the Sherwood Sandstone and Rotliegendes groups. Model-derived thickness maps test and refine Permian palaeogeography, such as the location of a carbonate reef and its associated seaward slope, and the identification of aeolian dunes. Analysis of borehole core samples established average 2D porosity values for the Rotliegendes (16%) and Sherwood Sandstone (20%) groups, and the Zechstein (5%) and Mercia Mudstone (<10%) groups, which are favourable for aquifer and seal units respectively. Core sample analysis has revealed a complex but well understood diagenetic history. Re-interpretation of newly reprocessed seismic data in eastern Scotland has significantly reduced interpretative uncertainty of aquifer and seal units

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Section: Geological Structure and Faultingsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Underhill et al 2008). Aquifer rocks have low to medium porosity (up to 20%), very low primary permeability and likely low secondary fracture permeability at the depths studied here (e.g.…”

Section: The Devono-carboniferous Aquifer System Forth Area Easternmentioning

confidence: 82%

New insights from 3D geological models at analogue CO ₂ storage sites in Lincolnshire and eastern Scotland, UK

Monaghan

Ford

Milodowski

et al. 2012

PYGS

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“…This suggests that additional Se was mobilized during the later stages of pyrite formation, and that catagenetic fluids were responsible for high concentrations of Se and other trace elements in some coals. During the Late Visean, Namurian and Westphalian stages, syn-sedimentary tectonic movements and regionalscale dextral strike, oblique-slip movements were common (Browne & Monro 1989;Ritchie et al 2003;Underhill et al 2008;Leslie et al 2016), with deformation in Ayrshire associated with ENE-trending faults (Leslie et al 2016). Coal Measures were also affected by extensive post- Table 3.…”

Section: Cleat Formation and Se Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-stage pyrite genesis and epigenetic selenium enrichment of Greenburn coals (East Ayrshire)

Bullock

Parnell

Perez

et al. 2018

SJG

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Carboniferous coals of the Ayrshire Coalfield are enriched in selenium (Se) relative to average UK and world compositions, substituting for sulphur in pyrite. Greenburn surface mine coals are characterized by syngenetic concretionary pyrite (c. 15% total area), occurring as bedding-parallel banding, and later-formed (epigenetic) cross-cutting pyrite in cleats (c. 9% total area). In these, sulphur isotope compositions for both syngenetic and epigenetic pyrite include isotopically light and heavy variants, suggesting diagenetic and hydrothermal fluid formation. Late/post-Visean cleat-filling pyrite is enriched in Se (up to 266 ppm) compared to the earlier-formed material (Se up to 181 ppm).Anomalous Se may have been sourced from near-by sulphidic Dalradian metamorphic rocks. Initial Se sequestration is associated with syngenetic pyrite mineralization, absorbed from seawater and pore waters, with additional Se introduced from fluids mobilized during epigenetic pyrite formation. Cleats from local brittle fracturing provided channels for fluid flow and a locus for precipitation of comparatively high-Se pyrite. Permian dolerite intrusions may have provided an enrichment source and/or fluid distribution mechanism. The Se concentrations of the Greenburn coals relate to multi-stage mineralization, with cleat-filling pyrite showing the highest Se content, and highlight the potential for high Se in similarly altered and fractured coal deposits worldwide.Supplementary material: LA-ICP-MS maps for Fe, Se, Ag, As, Cu, Hg, Pb and Te for Greenburn coal samples from seams 9300 Lime and 6900 Burnfoot Bridge are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3967860

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“…The post-Palaeozoic history is difficult to define due to erosion and overprinting by younger tectonic events. Carboniferous sedimentary basins exhibit faultbounded and synclinal/anticlinal structural styles typical of extensional to strike-slip settings (Read et al 2002;Rippon et al 1996;Ritchie et al 2003;Underhill et al, 2008). One such Carboniferous basin, the Midlothian-Leven syncline (Figure 1), in the eastern Midland Valley of Scotland, has been extensively studied due to a high quality seismic dataset and coastal exposures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such Carboniferous basin, the Midlothian-Leven syncline (Figure 1), in the eastern Midland Valley of Scotland, has been extensively studied due to a high quality seismic dataset and coastal exposures. Its tectonic and stratigraphical development is well documented (Ritchie et al 2003;Underhill et al, 2008) and a schematic model has been proposed for the generation of hydrocarbons which occur around its margins (Underhill et al, 2008). However, detailed numerical data on the burial and thermal history of the basin are lacking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and burial history modelling in the Midlothian-Leven syncline in the Midland Valley of Scotland using BasinMod and HotPot

Vincent

Rowley

Monaghan

2010

SJG

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Basin subsidence and thermal history models of the eastern part of the Midland Valley of Scotland have been constructed to characterise the development of the Midlothian-Leven synclinal basin from the mid Mississippian to the present day. Two modelling programs were used: BasinMod and HotPot. BasinMod models are based on thermal maturity at borehole sites;HotPot models operate on stacks of 2D layer grids using a mechanical compaction method. The thermal and burial history modelling indicates up to 1.9 km of additional burial of Carboniferous strata compared to present day levels: up to 660 m deposited by the end of the Carboniferous period subsequently removed by Variscan uplift and erosion, followed by up to 1.9 km of burial Smith 1995;Rippon et al. 1996). The post-Palaeozoic history is difficult to define due to erosion and overprinting by younger tectonic events. Carboniferous sedimentary basins exhibit faultbounded and synclinal/anticlinal structural styles typical of extensional to strike-slip settings (Read et al. 2002;Rippon et al. 1996;Ritchie et al. 2003;Underhill et al., 2008). One such Carboniferous basin, the Midlothian-Leven syncline (Figure 1), in the eastern Midland Valley of Scotland, has been extensively studied due to a high quality seismic dataset and coastal exposures. Its tectonic and stratigraphical development is well documented (Ritchie et al. 2003;Underhill et al., 2008) and a schematic model has been proposed for the generation of hydrocarbons which occur around its margins (Underhill et al., 2008). However, detailed numerical data on the burial and thermal history of the basin are lacking. This paper integrates maturity data from three boreholes, compaction data from a further eight boreholes ( temperature of burial of Lower to Upper Carboniferous strata and their subsequent postPalaeozoic history. Much of the thermal maturity data is from Raymond (1991).The models are constructed using two contrasting modelling packages; Basinmod and Hotpot.BasinMod (Platte River Associates Inc. software) models compaction and temperature through burial over geological time using stratigraphical and vitrinite reflectance maturity data from a borehole. The first step in HotPot (British Geological Survey (BGS) software) is to undertake a depth of burial study using rock density properties of mudstone to map the predicted thickness of eroded overburden within the study area. A calculation is then applied to restore the depositional thickness (backstripping) of stratigraphical units and construct the basin depositional history model. This is in turn used to compute the thermal history model. HotPot provides a basin-wide overview using grids from structural interpretation, giving a 'broad-brush' basin history.BasinMod provides analysis on 1D boreholes and allows detailed variability in sedimentation rates etc., to be considered. The modelling techniques used by HotPot and BasinMod complement each other and were used iteratively to achieve the final model. Geological settingThe MVS is bounded by the Caledo...

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Controls on structural styles, basin development and petroleum prospectivity in the Midland Valley of Scotland

Cited by 45 publications

References 41 publications

New insights from 3D geological models at analogue CO ₂ storage sites in Lincolnshire and eastern Scotland, UK

New insights from 3D geological models at analogue CO ₂ storage sites in Lincolnshire and eastern Scotland, UK

Multi-stage pyrite genesis and epigenetic selenium enrichment of Greenburn coals (East Ayrshire)

Thermal and burial history modelling in the Midlothian-Leven syncline in the Midland Valley of Scotland using BasinMod and HotPot

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Controls on structural styles, basin development and petroleum prospectivity in the Midland Valley of Scotland

Cited by 45 publications

References 41 publications

New insights from 3D geological models at analogue CO 2 storage sites in Lincolnshire and eastern Scotland, UK

New insights from 3D geological models at analogue CO 2 storage sites in Lincolnshire and eastern Scotland, UK

Multi-stage pyrite genesis and epigenetic selenium enrichment of Greenburn coals (East Ayrshire)

Thermal and burial history modelling in the Midlothian-Leven syncline in the Midland Valley of Scotland using BasinMod and HotPot

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New insights from 3D geological models at analogue CO ₂ storage sites in Lincolnshire and eastern Scotland, UK

New insights from 3D geological models at analogue CO ₂ storage sites in Lincolnshire and eastern Scotland, UK