Controls on erosion patterns and sediment transport in a monsoonal, tectonically quiescent drainage, Song Gianh, central Vietnam

Jonell, Tara N.; Clift, Peter D.; Hoang, Long Van; Hoang, Tina; Carter, Andrew; Wittmann, Hella; Böning, Philipp; Pahnke, Katharina; Rittenour, Tammy M.

doi:10.1111/bre.12199

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the height and volume of the terraces make it clear that sediment storage in the mountains is not a significant buffer to sediment transport, in stark contrast to the extensive terraces in the Indus River system (Blöthe and Korup, 2013;Clift and Giosan, 2014). In contrast to river systems in more monsoonal areas, there is no suggestion that historic anthropogenic impacts via agricultural disruption have triggered intensified upstream erosion resulting in downstream valley aggradation (Jonell et al, 2016).…”

Section: Holocene Sediment Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on erosion in the western Tarim Basin: Implications for the uplift of northwest Tibet and the Pamir

et al. 2017

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We present here bulk sediment major element chemistry, Nd and Sr isotope ratios, and detrital apatite fission-track (AFT) and U-Pb zircon ages to characterize the provenance of the southwestern Taklimakan Desert (northwest China) and the three major rivers draining this region. We establish the spatial and temporal controls on erosion and sediment transport in the modern Tibetan rain shadow. The Hotan River drains the North Kunlun block and is characterized by zircon populations at 160-230 Ma and 370-520 Ma. The Yarkand River shares these grains with the Hotan, but also has a very prominent zircon population at 40-160 Ma, which is common in Karakoram basement, indicating heavy sediment flux from these ranges to that drainage. This implies a strong control on erosion by topographic steepness and precipitation mediated through glaciation. Our zircon data confirm earlier studies that indicated that the Taklimakan sand is derived from both the Kunlun and Pamir Mountains. AFT ages are younger in the Hotan River than in the Kashgar River, which drains the Pamir, and in both are younger than in the Transhimalaya and parts of the western edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Exhumation is estimated at ~1000 m/m.y. in the North Kunlun and ~500 m/m.y. in the eastern Pamir, which have been exhuming more slowly than the western ranges in the recent past. Holocene aggradation terracing was dated using quartz optically stimulated luminescence methods and is mostly associated with times of fluctuating climate after 4 ka, with phases of valley filling dated at 2.6, 1.4, and 0.4 ka. The heights and volumes of the terraces show that sediment storage in the mountains is not a significant buffer to sediment transport, in contrast to the more monsoonal Indus system directly to the south. South of the Mazatag Ridge a significant eolian deposit accumulated ~500 yr ago, but this has been deflated in more recent times. Comparison of the modern river data with those previously measured from Cenozoic foreland sedimentary rocks shows that no sediment similar to that of the modern Yarkand River is seen in the geologic record, which is inferred to be younger than 11 Ma, and probably much less. Uplift of the North Kunlun had started by ca. 17 Ma, somewhat after that of the Pamir and Songpan Garze of northwestern Tibet, dated to before 24 Ma. Sediment from the Kunlun reached the foreland basin between 14 and 11 Ma. North Kunlun exhuma tion accelerated before 3.7 Ma, likely linked to faster rock uplift.

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Section: Holocene Sediment Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on erosion in the western Tarim Basin: Implications for the uplift of northwest Tibet and the Pamir

et al. 2017

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“…Understanding the effects that human land-use practices have on landscapes requires knowledge of background (geological) rates of sediment erosion and denudation, transport, and deposition (Hooke et al, 2012;Pelletier et al, 2015). Despite several decades of intensive data collection (Judson, 1968;McLennan, 1993;Milliman and Syvitski, 1992;Portenga and Bierman, 2011), there remain many landscapes for which there is little quantitative information about natural or background rates of landscape change (e.g., Arkle et al, 2017;Jonell et al, 2016;Mandal et al, 2015;Reusser et al, 2015, Struth et al, 2017. The Potomac River basin along the United States' east coast is a landscape where large volumes of sediment deposition in Chesapeake Bay are known to have resulted from widespread erosion associated with intensive European-American land-use practices in the 1700-1800s ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion rates and sediment flux within the Potomac River basin quantified over millennial timescales using beryllium isotopes

et al. 2019

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Beryllium isotopes measured in detrital river sediment are often used to estimate rates of landscape change at a basin scale, but results from different beryllium isotope systems have rarely been compared. Here, we report measurements of in situ and meteoric 10 Be (10 Bei and 10 Bem, respectively) along with measurements of reactive and mineral phases of 9 Be (9 Bereac and 9 Bemin, respectively) to infer long-term rates of landscape change in the Potomac River basin, North America. Using these data, we compare directly results from the two different 10 Be isotope systems and contextualize modern sediment flux from the Potomac River basin to Chesapeake Bay. Sixty-two measurements of 10 Bei in river sand show that the Potomac River basin is eroding on average at 29.6 ± 14.1 Mg km-2 yr-1 (11 ± 5.2 m m.y.-1 assuming a rock density of 2,700 kg m-3)-a rate consistent with other estimates in the mid-Atlantic region. 10 Bei erosion rates correlate with basin latitude, suggesting that periglacial weathering increased with proximity to the former Laurentide Ice Sheet margin. Considering the 10 Bei-derived erosion rate as a sediment flux over millennia, rates of sediment delivery from the Potomac River to Manuscript Click here to access/download;Manuscript;B31543_Portenga-type_13October2018.docx

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“…As a result, many studies have been carried out on river sediments surrounding this area to evaluate weathering processes. These studies include the Pearl, Red, Mekong, and Gianh rivers in South China and Indochina Peninsula ( Liu et al., 2007 ; Jonell et al., 2016 ), major rivers in Hainan Island ( Hu et al., 2014 ), mountainous rivers in Taiwan ( Selvaraj and Chen, 2006 ; Liu et al., 2008 ), major rivers in Luzon, Philippines ( Liu et al., 2009 ), Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra ( Wang et al., 2011 ; Liu et al., 2012 ). Nevertheless, few research has been conducted on weathering products in central Vietnam, which is characterized by a complex lithological setting, including abundant intrusive and volcanic rocks, along with the tropical East Asian monsoon climate with humid climate and warm temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical weathering in central Vietnam from clay mineralogy and major-element geochemistry of sedimentary rocks and river sediments

Sang

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2018

Heliyon

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Clay mineralogy and major-element geochemistry of Miocene sedimentary rock and modern river sediment samples collected from the Ba River basin in central Vietnam are used to evaluate the chemical weathering processes during the Miocene and the present time. The results show that Miocene andesitic sedimentary rocks consist of high smectite (average 72%) with moderate kaolinite (24%), while Miocene felsic sedimentary rocks display abundant kaolinite (65%) with moderate smectite (25%). In comparison, modern river sediments are characterized by moderate smectite (43%) and kaolinite (37%). The typical distribution of clay minerals in the Ba River basin can be resulted from abundant occurrence of felsic intrusive rocks and volcanic rocks along with weak tectonic uplift and the tropical East Asian monsoon climate during the Miocene and in the present time. Despite their different clay mineralogical compositions, major elements of these Miocene sedimentary rocks and modern river sediments display stronger depletion of Ca, Na and Mg than of K and Si during the chemical weathering. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) combined with kaolinite/illite ratio demonstrated moderate chemical weathering during the Miocene and in the present time in central Vietnam, demonstrating similar tectonic activity and climatic conditions occurred during these two periods.

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Controls on erosion patterns and sediment transport in a monsoonal, tectonically quiescent drainage, Song Gianh, central Vietnam

Abstract: 22

Cited by 44 publications

References 122 publications

Controls on erosion in the western Tarim Basin: Implications for the uplift of northwest Tibet and the Pamir

Controls on erosion in the western Tarim Basin: Implications for the uplift of northwest Tibet and the Pamir

Erosion rates and sediment flux within the Potomac River basin quantified over millennial timescales using beryllium isotopes

Chemical weathering in central Vietnam from clay mineralogy and major-element geochemistry of sedimentary rocks and river sediments

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