Controlling Xanthomonas wilt of banana: Influence of collective application, frequency of application, and social factors on the effectiveness of the Single Diseased Stem Removal technique in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Blomme, Guy; Ocimati, W.; Sivirihauma, C.; Vutseme, L.; Bumba, Mariam; Ntamwira, Jules

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2018.12.015

Cited by 16 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, the incidence of XW in the disease control plots (no CDMU or SDSR applied) remained high or increased during the 13-month study period. The decline in incidence of XW and recovery of the plant population in the SDSR treated plots is consistent with the results of Blomme, Ocimati, et al (2017b); Blomme et al (2019). The time to complete recovery of fields from XW was shorter with the CDMU treatment compared to the SDSR treatment, which may be attributed to differences in the mechanism of the two approaches.…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Cdmu and Sdsr For Control Of Xwsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Epidemiological studies of XW showed that Xvm does not colonize all lateral shoots within a diseased banana mat, a concept referred to as incomplete systemicity (Ocimati et al 2013(Ocimati et al , 2015. The concept of incomplete systemic spread of Xvm gave rise to the practice of Single Diseased Stem Removal (SDSR), where only the symptomatic stems within an affected banana mat are removed, coupled with proper disposal of infected plant debris, sterilisation of garden tools and early removal of male buds (Blomme et al 2014(Blomme et al , 2019Blomme et al 2017b). In contrast to CDMU, SDSR has reduced labour need and less cost for implementation, and the yield losses that arise from losing all plants on a banana mat is averted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to CDMU, SDSR has reduced labour need and less cost for implementation, and the yield losses that arise from losing all plants on a banana mat is averted. SDSR has been shown to reduce the incidence of XW to less than 2% within 3 months, irrespective of the initial incidence in pilot experiments in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (Blomme et al 2019;Blomme et al 2017b). In Uganda, a cost-benefit analysis to assess the adoption of the various elements of the SDSR package showed that the adoption of the full package resulted in financial benefits for farmers, with increases of approximately US$ 462/ha/year (Kikulwe et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing effectiveness, cost- and time-efficiency of control options for Xanthomonas wilt of banana under Rwandan agro-ecological conditions

Blomme

Dusingizimana²,

Ntamwira³

et al. 2021

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Xanthomonas wilt of banana (XW) is a major disease affecting banana throughout East and Central Africa (ECA). Initial control was through complete diseased mat uprooting (CDMU), which had limited adoption due to high labour demands and cost. Further research demonstrated single diseased stem removal (SDSR) was an effective, less labour intensive and less costly alternative to CDMU. A comparative assessment of the two control practices was needed to foster uptake by policy makers, especially in countries like Rwanda where SDSR had not been tested or scaled up. To test SDSR in Rwanda, a study was conducted in farmers’ fields comparing the effectiveness, labour cost and time demands of CDMU and SDSR. SDSR was equally effective as CDMU for XW control, with initial XW incidences of 3.0 to 9.4% being reduced to <0.5% within 3 months of using either method. The major benefit of SDSR lies in its significantly lower resource requirements. The total time needed for applying SDSR on a single plant was 88% less, averaging 4.3 min (standard deviation, sd = 0.3) compared to 36.5 min (sd = 4.5) for CDMU on a complete mat. Accordingly, the cost of labour was significantly lower for SDSR. The main cost of CDMU (78% of total cost) arose from the need to replant with healthy banana plantlets. The total cost of SDSR (26 Rwandan Francs [Frw], sd = 2) was 96% lower than that for CDMU (619 Frw, sd = 27). Hence, the incentive to use SDSR for managing XW is very high. These findings will boost SDSR adoption by both policy makers and farmers in ECA.

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Section: Effectiveness Of Cdmu and Sdsr For Control Of Xwsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing effectiveness, cost- and time-efficiency of control options for Xanthomonas wilt of banana under Rwandan agro-ecological conditions

Blomme

Dusingizimana²,

Ntamwira³

et al. 2021

Eur J Plant Pathol

Self Cite

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“…Bananas represent an important staple food and cash crop in East and Central Africa (ECA), contributing to food security and household income of rural populations (Ouma et al 2010;Blomme et al 2019). Since 2001, regional banana production has been seriously affected by Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) disease, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas Vasicola pv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the farmer perspective, the promoted BXW control practices were viewed as effective, however their adoption and impact on livelihoods is complex and depends on a variety of factors (e.g. Okurut et al 2006;Biruma et al 2007;Blomme et al 2007Blomme et al , 2019Mwangi et al 2007;Jogo et al 2013;Kikulwe et al 2018). For instance, household perception of BXW control effectiveness significantly influences adoption of practices which, in turn, influences household food security.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public and private investments for banana Xanthomonas Wilt control in Uganda: The economic feasibility for smallholder farmers

Gotor

Cori

Pagnani

et al. 2020

African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Developm

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Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) poses a serious threat to livelihoods and food security for millions of households in Africa. Despite considerable investments in Uganda by the Government and other national and international stakeholders, the disease persists in the country after periods of significant resurgence. Building on the Agricultural Innovation Systems framework, this paper reviews the role of the major stakeholders involved in controlling the disease in Uganda. Next, using household survey data, it analyzes economic costs and benefits of adopting an integrated BXW control package for the Ugandan smallholder farmers. After 2015, there has been a significant reduction in both public and private investments in BXW management, which may contribute to future disease resurgence. Our analysis reveals a high level of partial adoption of BXW recommended practices, and just a third of farmers adopting a full control package. This means significant economic losses for nonadopters, as indicated by our findings that households adopting the full package registered a net balance of US$65 per acre higher than non-adopters. We find that disproportionally large costs need to be borne at the beginning of the process, while the benefits are distributed over time, which may present a barrier to adoption by resource-poor smallholders.

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Scaling Banana Bacterial Wilt Management Through Single Diseased Stem Removal in the Great Lakes Region

Kikulwe¹,

Asindu²,

Ocimati³

et al. 2022

Root, Tuber and Banana Food System Innovations

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Xanthomonas wilt (XW) of banana caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum (Xvm) is an important emerging and non-curable infectious disease which can cause up to 100% yield loss. At the start of the XW epidemic, complete uprooting of diseased mats (CMU) was recommended. There was little adoption of CMU, especially by women farmers, because it was labor-intensive and it sacrificed banana production for up to 2 years. CMU assumed that infection on a single plant would systemically spread to all plants in a mat. However, field experiments showed that Xvm did not spread systemically in a mat and that latent infections occurred. As a result, not all shoots on an infected plant show symptoms. This led to the idea of removing only the visibly infected banana plants, referred to as single diseased stem removal (SDSR). The SDSR package comprises three innovations: (1) regularly cutting symptomatic stems at ground level, (2) sterilizing cutting tools with fire, and (3) early male bud removal using a forked stick. The SDSR package was promoted jointly with a set of complementary practices: (i) avoiding infections by browsing animals, (ii) using clean planting materials, (iii) bending leaves at the petiole level when intercropping in infected fields, (iv) training on disease recognition and epidemiology, and (v) demand-specific extension and knowledge sharing. Several approaches that have been used for scaling out XW management technologies are documented in this chapter. This review looks at the process, practices, challenges, lessons learned, and future policy implications associated with scaling of XW management practices.

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Controlling Xanthomonas wilt of banana: Influence of collective application, frequency of application, and social factors on the effectiveness of the Single Diseased Stem Removal technique in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Comparing effectiveness, cost- and time-efficiency of control options for Xanthomonas wilt of banana under Rwandan agro-ecological conditions

Comparing effectiveness, cost- and time-efficiency of control options for Xanthomonas wilt of banana under Rwandan agro-ecological conditions

Public and private investments for banana Xanthomonas Wilt control in Uganda: The economic feasibility for smallholder farmers

Scaling Banana Bacterial Wilt Management Through Single Diseased Stem Removal in the Great Lakes Region

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