“…Specifically, the electric field enhancement factors (EFs) of the typical and highest values of Ag and Au are 10 and 4000, respectively. In contrast, according to the previously reported researches on Si, − ,− GaP, , ZnO, TiO 2 , − ,, and two-dimensional materials , (Table ), the EFs of semiconductors are between 2 and 200, with an exception of the three systems (footnote b in Table ) analyzed by “specific local volume” around the nanostructure.…”