Controlling the seedbeds of tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection

Rangaka, Molebogeng X; Cavalcante, Solange; Marais, Ben J.; Thim, Sok; Martinson, Neil; Swaminathan, Soumya; Chaisson, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00323-2

Cited by 176 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Screening, diagnosis, and effective treatment should be linked to preventive therapy (ie, isoniazid preventive therapy and ART) to control tuberculosis in high-risk populations such as detainees. 78 No published reports from sub-Saharan African prisons include descriptions of initiation or completion of isoniazid preventive therapy, or associated adverse events. 79 There was a notable dearth of sex-disaggregated and age-disaggregated data describing HIV or tuberculosis treatment outcomes for women and children within sub-Saharan African prisons.…”

Section: Tools Approaches and Structural Interventions To Preventiomentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and tuberculosis in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2016

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Given the dual epidemics of HIV and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa and evidence suggesting a disproportionate burden of these diseases among detainees in the region, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology of HIV and tuberculosis in prison populations, describe services available and challenges to service delivery, and identify priority areas for programmatically relevant research in sub-Saharan African prisons. To this end, we reviewed literature on HIV and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan African prisons published between 2011 and 2015, and identified data from only 24 of the 49 countries in the region. Where data were available, they were frequently of poor quality and rarely nationally representative. Prevalence of HIV infection ranged from 2.3% to 34.9%, and of tuberculosis from 0.4 to 16.3%; detainees nearly always had a higher prevalence of both diseases than did the non-incarcerated population in the same country. We identified barriers to prevention, treatment, and care services in published work and through five case studies of prison health policies and services in Zambia, South Africa, Malawi, Nigeria, and Benin. These barriers included severe financial and human-resource limitations and fragmented referral systems that prevent continuity of care when detainees cycle into and out of prison, or move between prisons. These challenges are set against the backdrop of weak health and criminal-justice systems, high rates of pre-trial detention, and overcrowding. A few examples of promising practices exist, including routine voluntary testing for HIV and screening for tuberculosis upon entry to South African and the largest Zambian prisons, reforms to pre-trial detention in South Africa, integration of mental health services into a health package in selected Malawian prisons, and task sharing to include detainees in care provision through peer-educator programmes in Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and South Africa. However, substantial additional investments are required throughout sub-Saharan Africa to develop country-level policy guidance, build human-resource capacity, and strengthen prison health systems to ensure universal access to HIV and tuberculsosis prevention, treatment, and care of a standard that meets international goals and human rights obligations.

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Section: Tools Approaches and Structural Interventions To Preventiomentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and tuberculosis in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2016

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“…A detecção e tratamento da ILTB, principalmente nos grupos populacionais com maiores chances de desenvolverem a forma ativa, funcionam como aliados estratégicos para o controle da transmissão 23,27 , pois a condição de latência do bacilo torna o indivíduo um reservatório do mesmo, exercendo um importante papel na manutenção da cadeia de transmissão da TB 28 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Infecção latente por tuberculose entre pessoas com HIV/AIDS, fatores associados e progressão para doença ativa em município no Sul do Brasil

et al. 2017

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Resumo: Propôs-se levantar a prevalência de infecção latente por tuberculose (ILTB) entre pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA), fatores associados e se entre os casos identificados houve progressão para tuberculose ativa. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico e descritivo. A população foi composta de PVHA, atendidas entre 2003 e 2014 em um centro de referência para HIV/AIDS. Os dados foram coletados com base em prontuários e fichas do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Procedeu-se à estatística bivariada, com aplicação do teste qui-quadrado, em que as variáveis com valores de p < 0,2 foram selecionadas para entrar no modelo de regressão múltipla. Foi fixado em todos os testes o erro tipo I em 5% (p < 0,05). No estudo, 690 casos foram analisados, sendo que 66 (9,4%) apresentaram o diagnóstico de ILTB, tendo uma prevalência de 7,5 casos para cada 100 pacientes. Dos 53 (80,3%) casos de ILTB que tiveram o tratamento indicado com isoniazida, apenas 26 (39,4%) concluíram e 10 (15,1%) abandonaram. Observou-se que as variáveis sexo masculino (OR ajustado = 1,8; IC95%: 1,1-3,3), situação prisional (OR ajustado = 7,6; IC95%: 2,35-24,9) e contagem de linfócitos mais altos são fatores associados ao diagnóstico de ILTB (OR ajustado = 1,1; IC95%: 1,1-1,2). Verificou-se que 47 (6,7%) dos casos de ILTB progrediram para TB ativa. O diagnóstico e o tratamento de ILTB nas PVHA não foram priorizados, o que contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de doença ativa entre os casos. O trabalho contribuiu para o avanço do conhecimento acerca da ILTB entre PVHA, demonstrando aspectos cruciais no que tange ao manejo de PVHA e ainda a importância da detecção da ILTB e a instituição precoce da isoniazida, visando à melhor qualidade de vida e prognóstico das PVHA.

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“…For the PTB and HIV, of the key role of preventive therapy as part of a comprehensive control strategy for tuberculosis must be recognized and executed [28]. Many studies propose isoniazid; however in our country only 2.4% of cases had prophylaxis [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and HIV in the Mexican Institute of Social Security, 2006-2014

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTuberculosis and HIV remain a public health problem in developed countries. The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence trends of pulmonary TB and HIV comorbidity and treatment outcomes according to HIV during the period 2006 to 2014 in the Mexican Institute of Social Security.MethodsAnalyzed data from this registry including pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 15 years and older who had been diagnosed during the years 2006 to 2014 in the Mexican Institute of Social Security. The outcomes that we use were incidents rate, failure to treatment and death. Regression models were used to quantify associations between pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV mortality.ResultsDuring the study period, 31,352 patients were registered with pulmonary tuberculosis. The incidence rate observed during 2014 was 11.6 case of PTB per 100,000. The incidence rate for PTB and HIV was 0.345 per 100,000. The PTB incidence rate decreased by 0.07%, differences found in the PTB incidence rate by sex since in women decreased by 5.52% and in man increase by 3.62%. The pulmonary TB with HIV incidence rate decreased by 16.3% during the study period (In women increase 4.81% and in man decrease 21.6%). Analysis of PTB associated with HIV by age groups revealed that the highest incidence rates were observed for the 30 to 44 years old group. Meanwhile, the highest incidence rates of PTB without HIV occurred among the 60 and more years old individuals. We did not find statistically significant differences between treatment failure and PTB patients with HIV and without HIV. The treatment failure was associated with sex and the region of the patient. We found a strong association between HIV and the probability of dying during treatment. Our data suggested that patients suffering from both conditions (PTB and HIV) have no difference in the probability of failure of treatment contrary to other reports. Hypotheses to this is adherence to tuberculosis treatment with people living with HIV/AIDS, detection of PTB in patients suffering from HIV/AIDS or PTB patients on antiretroviral therapy were more likely to have successful treatment outcomes than those not on antiretroviral treatment. We have found that PTB and HIV increases the probability of dying during treatment compared to the cases of PTB without HIV, consistent with published other study HIV increases the mortality rates associated with PTB.ConclusionsNo association between pulmonary tuberculosis with HIV and treatment failure was observed, but pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV increases the probability of dying during treatment compared to the pulmonary tuberculosis cases without HIV.

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Controlling the seedbeds of tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection

Cited by 176 publications

References 51 publications

HIV and tuberculosis in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa

HIV and tuberculosis in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa

Infecção latente por tuberculose entre pessoas com HIV/AIDS, fatores associados e progressão para doença ativa em município no Sul do Brasil

Association of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and HIV in the Mexican Institute of Social Security, 2006-2014

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