“…Both native and non-native animals are traded as exotic pets (Toomes et al, 2022(Toomes et al, , 2023. Although exotic pets may be native within geographic borders, the release of pets outside their native ranges may still result in the establishment of so-called "domestic" invasive species, the introduction of pet-borne pathogens and parasites, and hybridization between non-native and native subspecies (Robinson et al, 2020). Effective mitigation of the invasion and disease risks associated with the exotic pet trade has been undermined by incomplete information on the size, composition, and trade flows associated with the exotic pet trade (Olden et al, 2021;Sinclair et al, 2021;Stringham et al, 2021a); lack of formal documentation to track the pet trade (Marshall et al, 2020); expanding internet-based trade in exotic pets that is generating invasion and disease pathways that are difficult to regulate (Lenda et al, 2014;Olden et al, 2021); lack of comprehensive regional, national, and international policies governing the pet trade (Brown, 2006;Essl et al, 2015;Toomes et al, 2023;Voyles et al, 2015); and poor enforcement of existing policies and regulations (Fonseca et al, 2021).…”