Controlling the quality of maca (Lepidium meyenii) dietary supplements: Development of compendial procedures for the determination of intact glucosinolates in maca root powder products

Xu, Qun; Monagas, Marı́a; Kassymbek, Zarema K.; Belsky, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114063

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Glucosinolates, of which more than 150 types were identified [ 111 ], are proposed to be some of the most active compounds in maca phenotypes [ 112 ]. Their significance has been recognized as a marker of quality control processes in the dietary supplement industry and as the proposed precursors to other maca phytocompounds, such as macamides, macaenes, and thiohydantoins [ 62 ]. These pungent-tasting, nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds and their metabolites serve several functions, such as anti-fungal, antimicrobial, and chemoprotective actions [ 95 , 113 ].…”

Section: Select Maca Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An online search using the term “maca” on Amazon.com under the subcategory of “vitamins, minerals, and supplements” provides a listing of over 3000 results [ 61 ]. Furthermore, maca dietary supplements do not typically list standardized compounds to ensure reliable results related to known actives [ 62 ]. Therefore, there can plausibly be mixed, inconsistent physiological responses to maca powder due to this point being largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Not All Maca Is Created Equal: A Review of Colors, Nutrition, Phytochemicals, and Clinical Uses

Minich,

Ross,

Frame

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Maca (Lepidium meyenii, Lepidium peruvianum) is part of the Brassicaceae family and grows at high altitudes in the Peruvian Andes mountain range (3500–5000 m). Historically, it has been used as a nutrient-dense food and for its medicinal properties, primarily in enhancing energy and fertility. Scientific research has validated these traditional uses and other clinical applications by elucidating maca’s mechanisms of action, nutrition, and phytochemical content. However, research over the last twenty years has identified up to seventeen different colors (phenotypes) of maca. The color, hypocotyl size, growing location, cultivation, and post-harvest processing methods can have a significant effect on the nutrition content, phytochemical profile, and clinical application. Yet, research differentiating the colors of maca and clinical applications remains limited. In this review, research on the nutrition, phytochemicals, and various colors of maca, including black, red, yellow (predominant colors), purple, gray (lesser-known colors), and any combination of colors, including proprietary formulations, will be discussed based on available preclinical and clinical trials. The gaps, deficiencies, and conflicts in the studies will be detailed, along with quality, safety, and efficacy criteria, highlighting the need for future research to specify all these factors of the maca used in publications.

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Section: Select Maca Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not All Maca Is Created Equal: A Review of Colors, Nutrition, Phytochemicals, and Clinical Uses

Minich,

Ross,

Frame

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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“…10 In the last decade, Maca has earned worldwide recognition for its health advantages. 9 As of mid-2021, the NIH Dietary Supplements Label Database (DSLD) reported 3,780 items with "maca" on the label, confirming its popularity. SciFinder shows a 550% increase in Macarelated papers from 2010 to 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In South America, the hypocotyl has been utilised for generations to improve fertility and vigour in humans and animals. 9 Recent research has shown various medicinal benefits of Maca. It improves hormone secretion, immune system, and metabolism regulation, and has neuroprotective and anti-fatigue properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vivo Studies of Lepidium meyenii or Maca in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus and Other Metabolic Syndrome-Related Diseases- A Scoping Review

Othman,

Ismawi,

Mohd. Zainudin

et al. 2024

imjm

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Lepidium meyenii or Maca is a Peruvian plant that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. Maca has various attributed health benefits due to the diversity of its bioactive compounds. Studies reveal that Maca is effective for many purposes including in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and other metabolic syndrome-related diseases. This review aims to uncover previously identified underlying anti-diabetic effects of Maca as well as its potential in the treatment of other conditions linked to metabolic syndrome in animal models in vivo. A scoping review of the literature was conducted using a protocol by Arksey and O’Malley. The protocol centred on the identification of research questions, identification and selection of relevant studies, data charting and collating, summarizing, and reporting the findings. Searches were conducted using Semantic Scholar, Scopus, PubMed Central, and ScienceDirect. Six studies were included in the review. The studies varied in terms of purpose, methodology, and detail of findings. They include the administration of Maca in different types of animal models and its effect on several biochemical parameters. There is fundamental scientific evidence from this review that supports the anti-diabetic properties of Maca in animal models of DM and other metabolic syndrome-related diseases. However, the scarcity of reports indicates the need for more rigorous studies in the future.

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Non-targeted Metabolite Profiling to Evaluate the Drying Process Effect in the Peruvian Maca Actives Through Principal Component Analysis

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the drying process on Peruvian maca ours. The analysis was done using a non-targeted metabolite pro ling approach through principal components analysis (PCA) to evaluate the different ions detected by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a hybrid quadrupole time-of-ight high-resolution mass spectrometer. In this case, only the positive ions were considered. The spectra were acquired after methanolic extraction, and the data was organized in a matrix form. PCA allowed to nd out the main substances responsible for differentiating between the drying processes, showing that oven drying mainly in uences the amount of amino acids and glucosinolates. It was also possible to note that some macamides were still detectable after oven drying, and the main alkaloids also remained after heating. Therefore, this study offers a feasible method for metabolomics for food authentication.

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Controlling the quality of maca (Lepidium meyenii) dietary supplements: Development of compendial procedures for the determination of intact glucosinolates in maca root powder products

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Not All Maca Is Created Equal: A Review of Colors, Nutrition, Phytochemicals, and Clinical Uses

Not All Maca Is Created Equal: A Review of Colors, Nutrition, Phytochemicals, and Clinical Uses

In Vivo Studies of Lepidium meyenii or Maca in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus and Other Metabolic Syndrome-Related Diseases- A Scoping Review

Non-targeted Metabolite Profiling to Evaluate the Drying Process Effect in the Peruvian Maca Actives Through Principal Component Analysis

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