Controlling the Morphology of Nanocrystal–Polymer Composites for Solar Cells

Huynh, Wendy U.; Dittmer, Janke J.; Libby, W.C.; Whiting, Gregory L.; Alivisatos, A. Paul

doi:10.1002/adfm.200390009

Cited by 479 publications

(419 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Huynh et al found that the use of a binary solvent mixture in which one solvent is a ligand to nanocrystals could help the dispersion of the nanocrystals inside polymer matrix. 138 By using a benzene-1,3-dithiol chemical vapor annealing, Wu et al found that ligand exchange and phase separation occurred, which was responsible for efficiency improvement. 139 Other nanocrystals were also used to fabricate hybrid devices, for example silicon nanocrystals, CdS, ZnO, GaAs, and PbS.…”

Section: Polymer-inorganic Hybrid Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the morphology of polymer‐based photovoltaics

Liu

Jung

et al. 2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

308

248

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We review the morphologies of polymer-based solar cells and the parameters that govern the evolution of the morphologies and describe different approaches to achieve the optimum morphology for a BHJ OPV. While there are some distinct differences, there are also some commonalities. It is evident that morphology and the control of the morphology are important for device performance and, by controlling the thermodynamics, in particular, the interactions of the components, and by controlling kinetic parameters, like the rate of solvent evaporation, crystallization and phase separation, optimized morphologies for a given system can be achieved. While much research has focused on P3HT, it is evident that a clearer understanding of the morphology and the evolution of the morphology in low bad gap polymer systems will increase the efficiency further. While current OPVs are on the verge of breaking the 10% barrier, manipulating and controlling the morphology will still be key for device optimization and, equally important, for the fabrication of these devices in an industrial setting.

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Section: Polymer-inorganic Hybrid Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the morphology of polymer‐based photovoltaics

Liu

Jung

et al. 2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

308

248

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“…5,6,7 of the Ag peak for these two composites was adjusted to correct for a small static charging. The same energy shift was used to correct the C 1s and S 2p spectra ( Figure 2b and 2c, respectively).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoemission Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation of Vapor-Phase Codeposited Silver/Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Composites

Scudiero

Wei

Eilers

2009

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Nanocomposite matrices of silver/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were prepared in ultrahigh vacuum through vapor-phase co-deposition. Change in microstructure, chemical nature and electronic properties with increasing filler (Ag) content were investigated using in-situ XPS and UPS, and ambient AFM. At least two chemical binding states occur between Ag nanoparticles and sulfur in P3HT at the immediate contact layer but no evidence of interaction between Ag and carbon (in P3HT) was found. AFM images reveal a change in Ag nanoparticles size with concentration which modifies the microstructure and the average roughness of the surface. Under co-deposition, P3HT largely retains its conjugated structures, which is evidenced by the similar XPS and UPS spectra to those of P3HT films deposited on other substrates. We demonstrate here that the magnitude of the barrier height for hole injection ( and the position of the highest occupied band edge (HOB) with respect to the Fermi level of Ag can be controlled and changed by adjusting the metal (Ag) content in the composite. Furthermore, UPS reveals distinct features related to the C 2p (-states) in the 5-12 eV regions, indicating the presence of ordered P3HT which is different from solution processed films.

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“…Such hybrid nanomaterials combine the electronic properties of inorganic materials with the low-temperature solution processability of polymers [1]. Different inorganic nanoparticles such as TiO 2 [2][3][4], ZnO [5][6][7][8], PbS [9,10], CdS, CdSe or CdTe [11][12][13][14], and PbSSe [15] have been used as n-type semiconductor to produce hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells with efficiencies up to 5.5%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P-type semiconductor surfactant modified zinc oxide nanorods for hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells

Dkhil

Gaceur

Dachraoui

et al. 2017

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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In this work, hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells based on surfactant-modified zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) blended with poly-(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are presented. (E)-2-cyano-3-(5'-(4-(dibutylamino)styryl)-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)acrylic acid (1), a p-type semiconductor, is used as grafted interfacial surfactant on ZnO NRs, named 1-ZnO NRs, in order to improve simultaneously the nanoscale morphology of the hybrid polymer blend as well as the electronic properties of the heterojunction interface. Our studies reveal that the ligand modification of ZnO NRs leads to strongly improved aggregate free P3HT/ZnO blends that show five time increased power conversion efficiency and corresponding photo-generated charge carrier transport compared to untreated ZnO NRs. From transient absorption spectroscopy, it was found that recombination kinetics were similar in the device using untreated ZnO and modified 1-ZnO NRs, respectively, pointing to a major impact of the ligand in the improvement of the blend morphology. Corresponding device optimization lead to improvements of FF and Voc to values comparable to P3HT blends using fullerene acceptors, but photocurrent density of the P3HT/1-ZnO solar cells was found low even after optimization. The latter could be addressed to destruction of long rang organization of P3HT induced by the presence of the ZnO NRs as well as low electron transport inside the blend. Dr. Christine VIDELOT-ACKERMANNTél : +33. (0) This article represents original work which has not been published previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. By our best knowledge, no conflict of interest exists regarding the submission of this manuscript.Finally, we would like to thank you in advance for your time in considering and processing our manuscript. We look forward to hearing from you. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 ligand in the improvement of the blend morphology. Corresponding device optimization lead to improvements of FF and V oc to values comparable to P3HT blends using fullerene acceptors, but photocurrent density of the P3HT/1-ZnO solar cells was found low even after optimization. The latter could be addressed to destruction of long rang organization of P3HT Yoursinduced by the presence of the ZnO NRs as well as low electron transport inside the blend.

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Controlling the Morphology of Nanocrystal–Polymer Composites for Solar Cells

Cited by 479 publications

References 28 publications

On the morphology of polymer‐based photovoltaics

On the morphology of polymer‐based photovoltaics

Photoemission Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation of Vapor-Phase Codeposited Silver/Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Composites

P-type semiconductor surfactant modified zinc oxide nanorods for hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells

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